Education system in india

Education administration in indiaACKNOWLEDGEMENTI take this opportunity to defend my votes of thanks to either those guidepost who rightfully acted as lightening pillars to enlighten our way throughout this shake off that has take to successful and satis featureory completion of this ara. I am highly glad to Mr. Pankaj Jain for her active keep, valuable succession and advice, whole-hearted focal point, sincere cooperation and pains-taking involvement during the study and in completing the assignment of preparing the said penning within the time stipulated. Without the active participation of our teachers it would accommodate been extremely difficult for me to prepare the project in a time bound framework.HISTORY OF study IN INDIAIndian preparation history is very rich and motivating. In the superannuated days, gurus and scholars impart reading orally, but after the development of letters, it took the form of writing. medallion leaves and barks of trees were used fo r teaching, and this in turn helped in spreading of the written literature. Temples and community centres often took the role of civilize. When Buddhism spread in India, k nowledge become acquirable to everyone and this was the time when some world famous educational institutions were established equal Nalanda, Vikramshila and Takshashila. History has interpreted particular care to give Nalanda University, which flourished from the fifth to thirteenth century AD, full credit for its brilliance. This university had around 10,000 resident students and teachers on its rolling at one time. These students included Chinese, Sri Lankan, Korean and other international scholars. It was in the 11th century that the Muslims recognized elementary and secondary teachs. This led to the forming of a few(prenominal) universities too at cities like Delhi, Lucknow and Allahabad. Medieval period saw slender interaction amidst Indian and Islamic customs in all fields of knowledge like theolo gy, religion, philosophy, fine arts, painting, architecture, arithmetic, medicine and astronomy. Later, when British arrived in India, English education came into existence with the help of the European missionaries. Since then, Western education gained advances in the country. With hundreds of universities and thousands of colleges affiliated to them, India has positioned it self happily as a country that provides favorable position higher education to its flock in specific and to the world in general. pledge bringing up SYSTEM IN INDIAThe present education governing body in India mainly comprises of- primary education, secondary education, senior secondary education and higher education Elementary education consists of eight historic period of education. individually of secondary and senior secondary education consists of 2 years of education. higher(prenominal) education in India starts after passing the higher secondary education or the 12th measuring. Depending on the stream(Arts,Commerce or Science). Doing graduation in India sens take three to five years. Post graduate courses are chiefly of two to three years of duration. After completing post graduation, arena for doing research in various educational institutes withal remains capable. The growth receiving of distance schooling courses and growth of the open university system is also responsible for(predicate) a lot in the democratization of higher education in india.WORLD CLASS higher(prenominal) EDUCATION INSTITUTES IN INDIAThere are quite a good number of educational institutes in India that whoremaster compete with the best educational institutes of the world and made India recognizable in the International Education. Some of them are as follows- The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Man be onment (IIMs), Indian Institutes of Science, National Law school clock, Jawaharlal Nehru University are some much(prenominal) institutes.FACILITIES OF EDUCATION T O MARGINALIZED IN INDIAAs education is the means for bringing socio- frugal transformation in a society, various measures are being taken to enhance the access of teaching to the marginalized sections of the society. One such measure is the demonstration of the reservation system in the institutes of higher education. under(a) the present natural law-(1) 7.5% seats in the higher educational institutes are reserved for theschedule tribes,(2) 15% for scheduled castes and 27% for the non creamy layers of theOther Backward Classes (OBCs).PRESENT SCENARIO OF INDIAN EDUCATION Soon after independence in 1947, qualification education available to all had become a priority for the governance. As discrimination on the basis of caste and gender has been a study hurdle in the healthy development of the Indian society, it also circumscribe the educational development of the nation as a whole. The 86th constitutional amendment has also made elementaryeducation a fundamental right for the c hildren between the age group- 6 to 14. According to the 2001 census- The total literacy say in India is 65.38% . The female literacy rate is only if 54.16%The gap between rural and urban literacy rate is also very signifi behindt in India. This is evident from the fact that only 59.4% of rural population are literate as against 80. 3% urbanpopulation according to the 2001 census PUBLIC PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIA- ANOVERVIEWEarly childhood education in India is subject to two extreme but contrary deficiencies. On the one hand, millions of young children in lower income groups, e fussyly rural and girl children, comprising n first 40% of first of all grade entrants never complete primary school. Even among those who do, poorly sufficient teachers, very high student-teacher ratios, inadequate teaching materials and out- moded teaching methods result in a low quality of education that often imparts little or no real learning. It is non uncommon for students completing six years of primary schooling in village public schools to lack withal rudimentary reading and writing skills.PRIVATE PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIA- AN OVERVIEWCildren attending urban schools, especially middle and swiftness class children in private schools, are subjected to extreme competitive pressures from a very early age to acquire basic language skills and memorize vast amounts of entropy in order to qualify for admission into the best schools. Parents and teachers exert penetrative pressure on young children to acquire academic skills at an age when children should be given freedom and encouraged to learn as a natural outcome of their curiosity, playfulness and eagerness to experiment. Necessary steps should be taken to avoid unnecessary pressure for childrens.GOVERNANCE OF PRIMARY EDUCATIONSchemes undertaken by the organization State-wise Allocation of Central Governments Share Made Under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in India (2006-2007)State-wise Amount Spent on Elementary Education from fortune of Prambhik Shiksha Kosh in India (2006-2007 and 31.10.2007) State-wise Targets and Achievements under Sarva Shiksha Abhiayan (SSA) in India (2002-2007) Selected State-wise Number of Additional Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) Sanctioned in India (As on 01.02.2006)Funds Released to North Eastern States under centrallySponsored Schemes for Operation blackboard and Non Formal Education in India (1997-1998 to 2000-2001) Non Lapsable Central Pool of Resources under Centrally Sponsored Schemes for Elementary Education for North Eastern States in India (1999-2000 and 2000-2001 Progress record under Shiksha Karmi Project in India (upto september2001)Efforts are also being taken to improve the access to higher education among the women of India by establishting up various ecational institutes exclusively for them or eserving seats in the already brea thing institutes. instruction so far-Under SSA, 1.47 lakh primary schools have been opened across the country, 1.23 lakh p rimary schools have been upgraded to have upper primary classes. 9.86 lakh teachers have been recruited, children are provided free textbooks, teachers are provided weekly in-service training, Mid-day meal is provided to all children in classes 1-8 in Government and Government assist schools.GOVERNANCE OF cultivate EDUCATIONThe National Council Of Educational Research and development (NCERT) is the legal body for governing the curriculam matters for school education in India. The NCERT provides support and technical assistance to a number of schools in India and give guidance to many educational policies in India. Different Indian curriculam bodies governing school Education in India are as follows- The State Government get along with The Central panel Of Secondary Education ( CBSE ) Board The Council For The Indian School Certificate Examinations ( CISCE) Board The Indian Certificate Of Secondary Education ( ICSE ) Board The National Institute Of Open Schooling ( NIOS ) Board GOVERNANCE OF HIGHER EDUCATIONIn order to develop the higher education system, the government had established theUniversity Grants Commission in 1953(UGC) . The primary role of UGC has been to regulate the standard and spread of higher education in India. There has been a marked progress in the expansion of higher education if we look at the increase of higher educational institutes in India. The higher education system in India comprise of more than than17000 colleges, 20 central universities, 217 State Universities, 106 Deemed to Universities and 13 institutes of Natioanl importance. Under the Indian constitution, various minority groups can also set up their own educational institutes. This number will soon heave as the setting up of30 more central universities, 8 invigorated IITs, 7 IIMs and 5 impertinently Indian Institutes of cognition are now proposed.PESTLE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONP POLITICAL ANALYSIS SCHOOL LEVEL Schools being privatised (like the NHS) A government init iative creates the risk that the school may fail to deliver the policy or be entertained away from local priorities etc.Changes tothe skills required to be a teacher/ double-decker Changes to curriculum with short lead times Requirement to be self managing Requirement to be self financing HIGHER LEVEL-Funding allocations to Universities and aim of priority given to HE/ science.Funding allocations within the University. RAE 2008 process and its suggested replacements.University league tables and rankings. In vogue research disciplines. Institutional policies on IPR and open access. Publisher lobbying and the DTI. EC position on research dissemination. Pressure for global dissemination of resources including redressing the rest period between information poor and information rich. Competitor institutions. Research peaks. rising of the White Rose consortium and regional cooperation in HE. What happens to work when researchers buy the farm institutions?E ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS-SCHOOL LEVEL-Central or local government funding decisions may stir school/ establishment finances occlusive of a local industry may affect fund raising plans etc. Ability of parents to raise funds for optional activities The need to hie breakfast/ after schools clubs Ability to invest savings/ surpluses Cost of providing resources provide teaching support Basics books/ paper Technology solutions laptops etcInterest judge Shortages of materials on national/ international markets Over provision of school places in the area resulting in competition from neighbouring schools The risk of highly valued, key supply moving on to more up and coming schools/ academies.HIGHER LEVEL- boilers suit funding allocations to Universities from government and from Research . Councils.Use of short term contracts for researchers. VAT on electronic publications. Publisher business model and the possible impact of open access.. Cost of data storage. Cost of digital preservation actions and/or services. precession given to outward facing technical services in a Financially Restricted environment. Journal subscription model may be in transition libraries universities may worry they are paying for the same thing three times. Repository services are unlikely to be income generating or, only indirectly. Student debt may make a research career less(prenominal) attractive.S SOCIAL ANALYSIS SCHOOL LEVEL-Decline in hold rate, reflecting national trends. Local population swops (increasing/ decreasing numbers) . Demographic changes may affect likely pupil rolls or the natureof pupils needse.g. pupils with English as a second language etc. Closure of local firms providing employment softness to attract staff. Social networking blogs, facebook, twitterChanges to qualifications expected. Integration with local community. Integration of students with special needs. parental preference an increase in parent power has allowed. parents more freedom of choice over their child s school. the ri sk of highly valued, key staff moving on to more up-and- coming establishments. selective information is accessible to staff anywhere in the world via the Internet. Staff were not given enough training or access to effectively change their habits and how they expected information to be made available.HIGHER LEVEL-Widening participation. increase student to staff ratios.. Use of short term contracts for researchers. Commodification of HE furiousness on HE for monetary gain. Possible lack of lecturers and researchers in the future. overt attitudes towards science and scientific knowledge demand for scientific information. Globalisation of science possibly more democratic access to dissemination mechanishs. T proficient ANALYSIS SCHOOL LEVEL-Changes to standards/ equipment required. Risk of selecting the wrong technology at times of change (i.e. windows -v- open source).New computer viruses may affect school/ college operations, sad/ illegal images on the lucre may affect ICT se curity measures etc.Move from paper based books to e-book readers. Computer hardware being out of date.Computer software being out of date. Time to manage IT systems.HIGHER LEVEL-Widespread availability of internet access including developing countries. Development of GRID computing. Development of virtual learning environments and virtual research Environments. Generation of increasingly complex digital objects during research. Development of common interoperability standards. Development of metadata standards. Urgent need for digital preservation protocols. submit for and cost of data storage. Massive proliferation of email. Developing scientific disciplines new potence for research. Increased expectations of end users re quality and manner of data delivery. increase level of skills needed, particularly programming, to be classed as a techie. Anyone can be a publisher different publishing models. Possible new models for peer review. Local IT development priorities.LITERACY RATE IN INDIA As per 2001 Census, the general literacy rate of India is 65.38%. The male literacy rate is 75.96% and female literacy rate is 54.28%.Ranking of States and gist Territories by Literacy RateStates literacy rate male literacy rate female literacy rateKerala 90.92 94.20 87.86Mizoram 88.49 90.69 86.13Lakshadweep (U.T.) 87.52 93.15 81.56Goa 82.32 88.88 75.51Delhi (U.T.) 81.82 87.37 75.00Chandigarh (U.T.) 81.76 85.65 76.65Pondicherry (U. T.) 81.49 88.89 74.13(U.T.) 81.18 86.07 75.29Daman Diu (U.T.) 81.09 88.40 70.37Maharashtra 77.27 86.27 67.51Himachal Pradesh 77.13 86.02 68.08Tripura 73.66 81.47 65.41Tamil Nadu 73.47 82.33 64.55Uttaranchal 72.28 84.01 60.26Gujarat 69.97 80.50 58.60Punjab 69.95 75.63 63.55Sikkim 69.68 76.73 61.46West Bengal 69.22 77.58 60.22Manipur 68.87 77.87 59.70Haryana 68.59 79.25 56.31Nagaland 67.11 71.77 61.92Karnataka 67.04 76.29 57.45Chhatisgarh 65.18 77.86 52.40This table shows the literacy rate of various state in india.EDUCATIONAL TARGETS OF 11 th Y EAR PLAN Reduce dropout pass judgment of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-2004 to 20% by 2011-2012 Develop minimal standard of educational attainment in elementary school, and by unvarying testing moniter effectiveness of education to ensure quality. Increase literacy rate for people of age seven years or more to 85% dishonor genger gap in literacy to 10 section point Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher higher education from the present 10% to 15% by the end of the eleventh plan.