Planck mission explores the history of our universe Research Paper

Planck mission explores the history of our universe - Research Paper ExampleWith the help of NASA, Planck was able to get a composite image from observations of the Milky Way Galaxy made at wavelengths of light long-run than what we see with the naked eye. According to Charles Lawrence, NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Planck is equipped enough to see not only the old light from the origin of our universe, but also gas and dust in at presents galaxy. Planck stated that it would make the data (that will be detailing all the observations made in the entire mission) available to the public on 5th February (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California para. 4). With this data, that has informed research in matters including dark matter, theories on the cosmos will be put to a test and the knowledge we perplex on the universe revolutionized.There are several points of interest in Plancks mission. For any written report on the origin of the universe, there are some issues that need to be addressed. Dark energy is verbalize to have had a lot of power over the formation of the universe. Today, it is still believed to be affecting the selection of the planet probably due to acting against gravity. Researching on how the dark energy can affect the planet or the universe is imperative to understanding what effects it had during the creation of the universe. The milk way, also, is another important give out of the study. Our planet is found in the milk way, and it is, therefore, crucial that proper knowledge of the region is acquired.Among some of the most(prenominal) striking findings is the length of time the universe was supposed to have remained in darkness. Plancks data gift that the universe may have remained in darkness during its infantry period for a hundred age or so (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California para. 5). This research, however, is inconclusive and subject to review. During this period, dark energy is a major factor of consider ation. According to Planck, dark energy does exist, and it is working against gravity at an increased

Educational Issues and Special Educational Needs Essay - 1

Educational Issues and Special Educational Needs - Essay Examplethe Act pick up intent was to help the all the children including those with superfluous educational needs to achieve five outcomes which matter more or less to them, their parents as hygienic as their carers (The Children Act 2004) These outcomes were staying safe, being healthy, achieving and enjoying, making positive contributions to the society and also the economic and social wellbeing of the children.The Every Child Matters Children Act 2004 has had a great impact in the lives of the children specially those children who have various special educational needs. This Act has lead to the promotion of the compeerity and the opportunities for the children who have special needs in education. This has enabled majority of these children with special needs to be treated equally as the another(prenominal) normal children and they are not alienated by the educational system because of their disabilities. (The Chil dren Act 2004)Similarly these children pay off equal treatment as the rest of the children who do not have any learning disabilities. On the other hand the Act has led to the creation of a lot of changes locally as well as internationally and also various programs have been instigated and this has led to the amelioration of the of the outcomes for the disabled children. The Act has had major policy priorities which are very relevant to the children with special educational needs and this enables them to receive fair and equal treatment in all their educational learning processes. (The Children Act 2004)The legislation has further led to the bridging of the respite of the children with special needs who do not attend school regularly and this has further led to the improvement of their school attendance. Similarly through this act the government has initiated a strategy for meeting the needs of the children with special educational needs. This has also led to the removal of variou s barriers that hinder the progress of these children with the special needs and it has led to the improvement of

Individual Research Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Individual Research Project - Assignment ExampleEthical consumerism is a personal allocation of finance, which includes value for consumption and investment, whereby choice is inherent for particular purposes whether personal human rights, justice, the environs or even for animal welfare (Co-operative Group,ECRA, 2010). Ethical consumerism is also known as ethical consumption, cat valium consumption or ethical shopping. Green goods are a term used to refer to products whose issue ensures economic development and at the same time promotes a pollution free environment for the pull ahead of future generations. Market for common land goods has been increasing but still much effort has to be taken to ensure that green goods attain a stable market and also eliminate fluctuating prices repayable to changing preferences. Green goods are not only beneficial to the environment but also appropriate the body with nutrients. A good example is that fundamental milk gives to a greater exte nt omega-3 fatty acids more than what is offered by convectional milk. acquire of green products means that slight harmful gases will be released to the environment. Most green products also are bio-degradable which means that the will not pollute the environment unlike plastic bags. Buying fresh products also insinuates reducing packages and the cost of packaging. This will lead to reduced use of plastics thus less pollution and also more reserved funds which can be used in opposite beneficial economic activities. Most of the applications which people apply on the skin should be more organic to reduce the amount of toxic chemicals which enter the body through its biggest organ the skin. Buying of green products implies financial support the local market through consumption of organic products produced by organic agriculture thus alter on the total usage of green products which conserves the environment in the long run. Ethical consumerism

Global Warming. Who is responsible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Warming. Who is responsible - Essay ExampleAnd the major part of the heating plant that has been describe this century took place from 1900-1940. Ironically, the release of greenhouse gases was less during this period of the century when compared to the second half. In reality, the jump-start in temperatures over the recent years has been relatively higher when compared with the increase in greenhouse gases.1oer the last few years, the issue of global warming has gained widespread media coverage. It has been the subject of many TV debates and right away has a central role in the ongoing U.S. presidential elections campaigns. Many TV programs depict diametrical bears stranded as huge chunks of ice continue to melt into the polar waters. This has even been the subject of advertisement for many cruise lines that lure customers by promising them to enroll on a trip to own the effects of global warming as it melts down polar ice that has been there for more than ii million of years.2According to a document released by the United Nations International Panel on temper Change (IPCC), Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide generated by fossil fuel consumption, methane and nitrous oxide due to agriculture have increase markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 and now far exceed pre-industrial values firm from ice cores spanning many thousands of years.3 However, the document is also optimistic and states that global warming can be curbed if effective measures are put in place to cut down global carbon emissions. Thats because slow down down human activity, which according to the panel is the major cause of climate, can be the first pure tone towards overturning the current situation. Global warming is a genuinely dynamic problem straight offs world. The current level of overplus concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is as a result pass human activities. In the same light, the fossil fuels we burn today and related activities will affect future generations. Thats because carbon gases emitted today will settle in the atmosphere and leave a negative effect on our major planet when we are all gone. As a result, we have to take into account the welfare of our grandchildren each conviction we make a decision that can affect the environment.4 There is need for us to consider choice sources of energy, and thats because fossil fuels have two major drawbacks. In addition to pollution, fossil fuels have become expensive.5to a greater extent recently, the issue of global warming has been gaining grounds even in religious spheres. More and more batch of faith are now adopting global warming as one of their religious come tos. As with concern regarding the nature and reality of the Holy, as with concern about ones relation to divine things, to God, to the sacred, as with concern for what whitethorn be ones ultimate purposes in life, global warming puts radically reorienting questions to life. Global war ming puts life itself into question--not completely our own individual lives, or the lifeline of our species, but all of life and its future possibilities. Global warming evokes the fragility of life and its mysterious contingency and begs caring response on our part.6Another movement why global warming should attract religious concern is that most religions have some greens principles that guide their teaching. These include having concern for the vulnerable as well as appreciation for the majestic deeds of God. Global warming, by

Workplace Risk Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

body of work Risk - Case Study ExampleThe Court of Appeal agreed with the trial court, that the movement of the twirl was taked by a gravity risk and the failure to provide adequate device for safety was the chief(prenominal) cause of the injury. In plus, the waver had to be moved from a high to a low cosmetic surgery and the danger that was supposed to be guarded against came about from the force of the spiral. The plaintiffs injury was as a guide of a direct consequence of the fluctuate going downstairs as if he was positioned in the reels path (Victor Vs New York Exchange, Case no 197).As a result, he suffered from an injury that was eyeshade related while acting as a counterweight pulley to descend an 800 pound reel down stairs. He is said to pack been dragged into the make shift pulley when the reel rapidly descended downstairs. The call into question was whether the plaintiff injury was as a result of a direct consequence of failure to have adequate protection agai nst such a risk that arose from physically differential elevation. 240(1), of labor law claims that a liability strict statute was designed to prevent accidents where protection devices of the above enumerated injury of the statute be to be insufficient to shield the plaintiff from any injury that occurred from the force of gravity to the reel. Nevertheless, since the plaintiff was injure while trying to descend following the reels path, he is entitled to recover under section 240(1), and should non be denied any legal course. The differential elevation was not seen as de minimis, because the weight of the reel and the measure of force it had was enough to generate the course of a short descent, as well as cause harm to the worker (Victor Vs New York Exchange, Case no 197).The trial courts showed that the worker was indeed injured, in addition to suffering from permanent and serious injuries on both his hands while trying to descend the reel downstairs, as well as installing defe ndant power

Royal mail Privetisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Royal mail Privetisation - Essay ExampleMany governments owned so-called inherent monopolies such as water, power, and postal services on the assumption that market efficiency would be succeed if there were only a single seller. It is easy to see why a monopoly may be needed in some markets, as in the case of utilities where large investments are needed, or in postal services where a number of mail delivery routes are not profitable full to attract private investments. But as many nations eventually experienced through the years, this market anatomical structure became characterised by inefficiency and wasted resources. This was the situation at Royal Mail in 2002.Its vehicle repair midsection situated in the Isle of Wight was a case in point. The poor location entailed inordinate expenditures, a factor for inefficiency and a destroyer of value. Since it would be a better use of resources for broken overmatch vehicles from different parts of the British Isles to be repaired in the nearest motor shops, this vehicle repair internality would be under-utilised. Its facilities would be better off sold, closed down, or put to other use, for example as a conference centre for its workers.Monopolies lead to inefficiency and waste because the absence of competition leads to complacency, as the company enjoying a monopoly position would not have the incentive to improve itself and be efficient. Like a pensioner causeless to work because of a guaranteed income, monopolies know that their market has no choice but to buy its products, no take how poor the quality. And when the monopoly, like Royal Mail, is labour intensive, not only do the workers become a redoubtable political force that can influence the outcome of elections (forcing politicians to listen to their pleas), but also their lifetime oeuvre status binds the state to pay until retirement, a disincentive for increasing

Why does it matter what shape a molecule has Essay

Why does it matter what make for a blood corpuscle has - Essay modelThese are the contexts in which the manner in which materials behave are described, whether they are simple gases, or abstruse biological structures. The bonds between atoms have distinct lengths, energy and direction which distinguish the atomic structure of materials. The shape of a molecule is make by the spatial relationships of chemically bonded atoms, and this feature contributes significantly to understanding how molecules play off with each other. Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between a cation and an anion. The galvanic field of an ion has spherical symmetry, hence ionic bonds have no directional character. Contrastingly, covalent bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. Since the overlap is such that the atomic orbitals can attain maximum overlap, a covalent bond has a directional character. on that pointfore, the shape of a molecule is determined by the lean betw een two bonds, which in turn is determined by the atomic orbitals that form the bond (Iwanami 2006, p.1). dissertation Statement The purpose of this paper is to investigate why the shape of a molecule is significant in the study of chemistry. ... The attraction between two adjacent non-polar molecules increases in proportion to the area of contact. Generally, the closeness of the pull out between the two increases with greater area of van der Waals contact attraction and also with the tip of hydrogen bonding. The higher the level of molecular fit, the stronger is the affinity between a molecule and the biomolecular target in therapeutic agents. A therapeutic agent or medicine in aqueous solution is stablized by hydrogen bonding to water and dipolar solvation. It is evident that in medicines, there is a trade-off they must be sufficiently well solvated to be soluble in water, but not so potently solvated that they cannot be pulled from solution by the target biomolecule (Corey et al 2012, p.55). Noncyclic organic molecules are usually flexible because the barrier to rotation about single bonds having low energy. Therefore, most medicines structures have cyclic subunits with a hardly a(prenominal) preferred conformations, sometimes just one. Fig.1a. and 1b. show the conformation of prednisone, a significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug, on with the preferred conformation of glucose. Fig.1a. Chemical Structure of Glucose Molecule (Corey et al 2012, p.56) Fig.1b. Prednisone Chemical Structure (Corey et al 2012, p.56) While the molecular formula for glucose is C5H12O6, the formula for prednisone is C21H26O5. The polycyclic framework of prednisone is quite rigid and gives the molecule a characteristic shape (Corey et al 2012, p.56). Concurrently, several polar functional groups are situated at specific sites in space, facilitating their optimal binding to the target molecule. The Different Shapes of Molecules Based on Structure There are compo unds with a divalent central

Victims and The Criminal Justice system of England and Wales Essay

Victims and The Criminal Justice system of England and Wales - probe ExampleAlso Everyone has a right to follow a course of action that others judge to be unwise or eccentric, including one which may lead to them being abused according to the document Safeguarding Adults( rogue 21).routine activity theory, this being also known as either opportunity theory or exposure theory and is described by David Garson on his web page Routine Activity possibility Garson believes that victimization is because of exposure to essays, by which he means that much people place themselves in positions of risk obviously the more they increase their chance of becoming victims.The problem with such theories is that they place the responsibility for fall risk on the victim alone, rather than placing any stress on the motivation of criminals or the responsibilities of equity enforcement officials. Also some factors are beyond the persons ability to change females are more likely to be victims as ar e the poor and those who are obviously different - whether because of their skin colour, psychic incapacity or religious beliefs. The Sociology 4099 lecture page speaks about complaisant structure being a factor, the poorer section of society being more likely to be victimized, but the causes are seen as both economic and concerned with power money speaks and the murder of children for instance, especially females , is described as socio-structural victimization.Although the police and social services will often offer some initial support, simply because they may be the jump people involved outside a victims family, the majority of support available in England and Wales comes from Victim Support, a government aided charity as described on the You Gov web page Victim Support in England and Wales. The group offer confidential support, advice and give practical help with such things as replacing locks or making repairs. They also offer a witness support aim whereby they do such th ings as accompanying a victim to the court, showing

The Business Environment in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Business Environment in Asia - Essay ExampleThe top 30 companies in Indonesia belonged to the Salim Group and to Suhartos children. After the recession, b are-assed family conglomerates entered the scene but the structure of the private sector did not put up with substantial change. The economy continues to brandish and the family traffices benefit. In Indonesia, the state plays the most vital role in the offshoot of the business groups. Lobbying and corruption are prevalent in conducting business and due to their continued influence, businessmen get politicians (Mahmood, 2011). Large- surmount towns in Indonesia have their own police and their own government including private taxation collection. every last(predicate) normal facilities such as health, water, sewerage, and sanitation are controlled by this self-styled government in separate townships. The business has so much of political clout and influence that they are able to get dismal ownership pyramid structure which originates in some other nation and develops monopoly as in the exemplar of Instant Noodles that belongs to the Salim Group. Such a system has its own disadvantages and advantages. While it provides capital, infrastructure, and source of business talent and entrepreneurship, it creates moralistic hazard, ethnic tensions, and state capture.Importance of building relationships is critical to the success of business in Indonesia. Relationships with the government officials help in expediting the bureaucratic process. It helps in streamlining the applications for obtaining licenses, permits, and information.... Indonesia The top 30 companies in Indonesia belonged to the Salim Group and to Suhartos children. After the recession new family conglomerates entered the scene but the structure of the private sector did not undergo substantial change. The economy continues to boom and the family businesses benefit. In Indonesia the state plays the most vital role in the growth of the bu siness groups. Lobbying and corruption are prevalent in conducting business and due to their continued influence businessmen become politicians (Mahmood, 2011). Large scale towns in Indonesia have their own police and their own government including private taxation collection. All public facilities such as health, water, sewerage and sanitation are controlled by this self-styled government in unmarried townships. The business have so much of political clout and influence that they are able to sustain opaque ownership pyramid structure which originates in some other nation and develops monopoly as in the case of Instant Noodles that belongs to the Salim Group. Such a system has its own disadvantages and advantages. While it provides capital, infrastructure and source of business talent and entrepreneurship, it creates moral hazard, ethnic tensions and state capture. Importance of building relationships is critical to the success of business in Indonesia. Relationships with the gover nment officials help in expediting the bureaucratic process. It helps in streamlining the applications for obtaining licenses, permits and information (Facing the Challenge, n.d.). The national officials or pegawai negeri such as the notary in Indonesia are treated with respect. Such initiatives have facilitated the

Organizational and Societal Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational and Societal Functions - Essay ExampleThese, when clubbed are categorised as the Organizational and Societal arenas, where the PR man has to wait on.Public Relations is reaching out to the human to create an image of the company, its products and services so as to have a positive competitive impact, which in turn makes for a good long term bottom-line.Apart from the traditional public relations function of working with the media and exposing the good side of the organization, now the hectic pace of all the domestic and global industries exact the following functions tooThe last, becoming more and more urgent and forceful as the organizations are impacting globally, by their multi-country locations. These generate a plethora of economic, social, cultural and even religious issues, which have to be resolved.2. Relationship circumspection - This demands great tactical skill that adequately addresses the strategies formulated, to be played right across the board. It is all inclusive and in dire need nothing is excluded. Traditionally the directions required are a Internal indoors the organization and b External Outside the organization.3. Media Relations - The core area of public relations is media relations. Efforts are desired to properly publicize products or the company to the members of the mass media TV and Radio, newspaper, magazine, newsletter and Internet.4. Publicity - Products or events are to be successfully publicized when launched through various media and Brand Ambassadors or influencers.5. Marketing communications - This focuses on the products or nominate and/or services. Marketing communications marcom is primarily concerned with demand generation, product, produce and/or service positioning.6. Employee relations - It begins with sharing of the corporate vision to enable every one in the organization, to work in tandem to successfully realize it. Build cordial relationship between the employer and the employee with the eart h of mutual respect for each other. Derive immense benefits of team sprit to directly effect improved production, employee motivation, client satisfaction and reputation of business.Public Relations 57. Investor relations - The larger the organization gets the more heterogeneous are the financial structuring. Therefore, most large companies, investor relations (IR) or financial public relations is a specialty in itself guided by specific disclosure regulations dictated

In what ways can an organisation's culture affect or influence (a) Essay

In what ways can an organisations culture affect or influence (a) structure and (b) employee behaviour Answer by using the organisation G.O.F. case study - Essay ExampleGalactic Office Furniture is a private sector undertaking and follows a hierarchical judicature structure. The basic motive of the project is to locate the effect of the present organizational culture and analyse the aspects of Human imaging Management system inside the firm. The in-depth analysis of HRM policies is important as it would help in pointing out the defects in the systems and will necessarily use up out the scopes for improvement.The organisational goals and strategies are influenced by the structure and the culture followed by an organisation. Although the goals and strategies documented by the GOF upper assurance is quite challenging and forward looking, still the organisational structure and the work culture followed by it greatly limits its value. tally to the new mission, the company started fo cusing on improving the structure of the organization to improve the efficiency of operation. The operations and the production process need to be improved in order to reduce cost and ontogenesis flexibility of the process. This actually demands a change in the organization structure. Whenever there is a change in the system, the top management should be careful enough to bring about the change in the organization culture. (Morrison, Brown, Smit, 2006). Bringing a change is the organizational culture is of course a gradual process and it is eon consuming. For that specific reason, it is always considered as a long-term strategic goal in Human Resource Management system. However, in most of the cases, culture might be considered as an abstraction but its forces are derived from the social interaction within the organization. (Schein, 2004, p.5). For that reason when the management seeks to adapt certain change in policy, it is always advisable to start from the core of the organiz ation to bring about a change in the pagan base of the organization.Effective leadership can

Country Analysis (Libya) for international business class Essay

Country Analysis (Libya) for international business illuminate - Essay ExampleIn addition to the normal requirements for a contract to be valid and implementable, shariah law has strict guidelines on other religious requirements for contracts. These requirements put into narration all recommendations and prohibitions of the Muslim law. However, this would be challenge to investors if applied to the letter. Other factors that influence the running of businesses in Libya acknowledge but not limited to degeneracy and discrimination. Legal protection of stead The reign of Gaddafi has not given citizens the right to own property. All property in Libya is everyones property in accordance to the principle of socialism. The only property that a family dismiss own in Libya is their residential home. This was a good idea that could have worked if used legitimately sooner of the way Gadhafi, his family and circle of friends used public property for personal gain (Heritage 2010). Even a fter de exposit of regime, Gaddafi still wields power as the de facto leader of the oil rich North African nation. The transition brass activity that has taken over leadership of Libya after Gadhafis ouster has a great deal to do to put in place mechanisms for an independent legal system. In addition, it has to deal with the ills of the Gadhafi regime that have bust up the governance system. In addition, the constitution must be changed to allow profitable property ownership as the power to privatize or nationalize property still freely solely with the government (Dep. of State, 2010). there has been no move in the right direction to change the laws on intellectual property rights since the government abolished them in 1978. The Libyan government has signed treaties on intellectual property rights but the implementation of the content in Libya is wanting. Libya ranked 113 out of 125 countries in the 2010 Intellectual Property Rights Index, having one of the most general tradem ark violations in the world (Heritage 2010). Countrys trade policy There is no levy for goods produced in Libya but all imports attract a 4% service tax. This attempt to make topical anesthetic goods more affordable fails majorly because of other factors that increase the cost of trade and the cost of final products. Some of these factors include government interference like bell controls, practices in oil products trade, bans and restrictions, subsidies, competition from state owned corporations, sanctions and arrogant and other unexplained charges. Corruption plays a major role in order for private organizations to admit trade licenses and to secure contracts and tenders. Since 2007 to 2009, inflation was moderated at 4.9% by the central government mostly by price controls through state-owned firms and via government utilities (Heritage 2010). Countrys laws regarding ownership (FDI) In most cases, foreign companies do not own land in Libya. This means that if one considers inv esting in Libya they have to put into account the cost of rent that is determined by the government and whose amount might be unfair for the investor. This is save expected to change if the Libyan transitional government delivers a new, more democratic constitution. The worst part for foreign companies comes in when their ownership is considered. 35% of stake in foreign companies is reserved for natives. Even though legislation was passed in 2005 that allows foreign banks to operate in Libya, the high cost of credit, competition with state-owned banks and unavailability of mount are the major obstacles to investing in the

Gathering Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

host Resources - Assignment ExampleAccording to Ungar (2011), there be seven main categories of resources that after examining status of their clients, counselors flowerpot employ in a counseling session. The seven resources include power and control, social justice, cohesion, cultural adherence, identity, relationships and rag to clobber resources. In the case of Robinson family encompassing a m opposite, 14 out of date age old boy, 11 years old girl and 3 months old infant that is victim to domestic violence, the most basic resources are access to material resources and relationships.According to Ungar (2011), material resources fundamental in counseling include financial, educational resources, fight opportunities, access to food, shelter, clothing and checkup services. In the case of the Robinson family including a mother, a 14 years old boy, 11 years old girl and 3 months old infant not all the material resources will be necessary and urgent. The most measurable materi al resources for the family include shelter, financial and educational resources, medical resources, and food and clothing resources. Employment opportunities will still be irrelevant to the family at least during the wee periods of counseling. Assuming that the whole family is healthy from any pathological infection or physical injury, the most important resource for all will be food. Food will have to precede all other resources so to energize the family and enable them survive during search for shelter and clothing that will have to prosecute immediately. Shelter and clothing will help in providing warmth to the bodies of the family as well as creating ease while waiting for the next actions. In case that the abuse resulted to physical injuries or that one of the members assure pathological disease, medical resources would accompany food. The nature of priority here is to rescue life and enhance resort of

Cancer Treatment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cancer Treatment - Research Paper ExampleThe choice for discourse depends on factors such as location, degree of severity, grade of tumour and the general state of the patient. In essence, the goal of basecer treatment is to remove or destroy the malignant cells without excessive damage to the body.Surgical treatment involves surgical excision of a tumour or an entire organ but the propensity of cancer cells to microscopically metastases makes it effective totally in localized small cancers such as breast and prostate tumours. beam therapy can come in the form of radiotherapy, X-ray therapy and irradiation and uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells. This genial of therapy is used for the treatment of cancers of the brain, cervix, larynx, breast, lung, pancreas, skin, prostate, stomach, uterus or soft tissue sarcomas. It is in any case used in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Chemotherapy involves the treatment of cancer with cytotoxic drugs that can have many eff ects specifically geared towards the extermination of cancer cells. One of the effects of the drugs is to interfere with cell division by hindering the duplication of deoxyribonucleic acid and the separation of chromosomes. The anticancer drugs travel through the bloodstream making it useful for cancers that have spread. Leukemias and lymphomas and cancer of the testicles can be treated with chemotherapy but breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer cannot be cured by chemotherapy alone. Monoclonal antibody therapy involves the boldness of antibodies that bind to a protein on the surface of the cancer cells. Anti-HER2/neu antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) and the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab are examples of this type of treatment. Immunotherapy makes use of a course of strategies to enhance the immune system of patients. Examples of these include interferons and cytokines for renal cell carcinoma and melanoma and intravesical BCG. The most common cabal of cancer treatment is surgery or radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy. There are many factors that chance the effectiveness of each method but in that respect is increasing preference for combined modalities. This includes not only the physical uniqueness of the patient but also the socioeconomic limitations of the patient and the state which may be sponsoring the treatment. It is quite well known that cancer treatment is a financially challenging enterprise. 2.0 Research pick outThe financial cost of treatment varies according to the degree of treatment required and the goal of the research to be conducted is to determine whether price differentials have an effect in morbidity and mortality in cancer treatment. To be specific, the inquiry would look into whether costlier procedures would to lead better results which would be taken as the lowering or eliminating the cancerous cells in the patients body. 3.0 MethodologyAs previously mentioned, there is an increasing trend towards multidisciplinar y treatment of cancer implying that there could be difficulties in comparing efficiency and effectiveness due to the overlapping of treatment. There are also many forms of cancer which further compounds the complexity of the issue. These concerns necessitate the need to define and limit the scope of the

Strong vs Weak Matrix Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

square vs Weak Matrix Structure - Essay sheathThe study indicates that weak ground substance organizations are no less than a nightmare for ejection managers. This is authorized because although, they have the position and power to make plans, divide the plan strategy and even closely reminder the execution as well, project managers do not have any real federal agency over the project team members, most of whom remain reliant on their functional managers for provision and use of choices. Therefore, in these organizations, technically the project managers do not remain managers in the truest sense but their role is reduced to that of project facilitators. Project managers within a weak matrix organization often fail to travel their employees to the utmost degree because of the fact that they have little loyalty to the project managers and little motivation to proceed on the project. They are well aware of the fact that they the chain of command indicates that they report to their functional managers who influence their promotions, achievements and write their annual reviews. Project managers might have to report and discuss the issue of non-serveing employees with the functional managers and accordingly hope that the functional managers will help. Some project managers, despite all difficulties, successfully complete their projects in weak matrix organizations but it becomes nearly impossible to attain any kind of success for the project manager when the functional managers decide to obstruct the work and oppose the approaches of project managers. In this case, they might not allow project managers to use resources and prevent their employees from working with full productivity on projects, thus making the life of the project managers miserable. Figure 1 Weak Matrix Structure with project team members illogical in many functional departments and working under primary authority of their respective functional managers Strong matrix organizations pr ovide a better framework and structure for project managers to operate. In fact, it appears that strong matrix organizations emerged on to the scene primarily in order to satisfy the needs of project managers. Rather than departure the project managers at the mercy of different functional managers, the organization empowers the project managers so that they could exercise their authority over budgets, resources, expenses and even employee appraisals (Lewis, p. 106). Employees are more likely to report to two bosses at the same time, iodin their functional managers and the second their project manager but they see the incentive in being every bit loyal to both of them. Project managers remain concerned with the project related issues of the employees whereas all the human resource and operational issues and responsibilities remain with the functional managers who overlook them. In these types of organizations, there is even a different department of project managers, which reports to a head project manager holding tremendous authority within the authority (Daft & Willmott, p. 36). In strong matrix organisations, project managers would usually draw up plans about the projects and then spot the functional managers about their needs and demands in terms of employees. Important here to note is that when functional managers and project manager negotiate, it is highly likely that project manager would have an upper hand (Cameron & Quinn, p. 309). A possible pitfall in these types of organizations is that with extreme power of project managers, functional managers might find it troublesome to perform the necessary functions for keeping the organization afloat and running. Furthermore, a great deal of training is required to chequer that employees do not confuse the dual chain of command where they have to report to two bosses and follow between their functional and project duties. In addition, constantly and quickly changing projects and new team members whiteth orn also

Analyse an Advert and Prequel to it in Depth Essay Example for Free

Analyse an Advert and Prequel to it in Depth EssayAdvertising is one of the worlds foremost businesses. Companies use this media to communicate their ideas, products and messages to the general public. This is one eccentric person of advert, which is utilize to draw peck to donate to a cause. It is called an compendium.This appeal is from Help The Aged, a fairly volumed charity, dedicated to helping the venerableer and less able people. This particular advert is for the SeniorLink pendant, a small surround pendant that helps people when they get into trouble where they bathroomt reach the phone, because they are immobilised. I will try this form of the appeal and elaborate the techniques and tricks used to convince people to part with their gold.This form of the appeal is a leaflet. Leaflets can be specially designed to appeal to a particular audience or expectation of society this leaflet is aimed at anyone who has money. The purpose of it is to convince these people that their product is reliable fast performing state-of-the-art easy-to-use and most of all, lifesaving. If it succeeds than Help The Aged will get their reward of a donation that, in theory, should then be spent on the pensioners.The advert uses several conventions to convey their tricks and tactics to the target audience. I will elaborate these as I examine the advert.On the first part of the leaflet (The Front) we cipher Vera alive and well, along with a caption to the picture that, arguably, could be seen as the designation to the leaflet.The photograph of Vera depicts her as smiling, cheerful and in good health. From this, empathy is drawn from the audience, giving the advert a good note from which to stimulate with. It can also be seen as a pointer to what the outcome of the progeny is, in a similar way to the introduction to Romeo and Juliet.The caption or title of the leaflet is in large, white, bold, capitalised textbook, which is mapped on a black background. This is to make the text stand out considerably, as there is no bigger tell than black and white.At the end of the text is an ellipsis. This adds to the beckoning feel of the text that makes the audience want to read on.The wink part of the advert or Middle of the leaflet is a transcript of the conversation between Lyn, a SeniorLink operator, and Vera Smith, an old woman in distress. The sheet is in four partsA quotation, used as a titleAn introduction to the transcriptThe telephone conversation, recorded as a transcriptAnd an epilog to the piece.The quotation to the page is in a similar style to the original caption, in the first part. It shares the similar bold, white on black style, however it is not all in capitals. This is because it is a quotation from Vera, presumably from after her ordeal. This is to show again that she recovered and that she owes her life to the SeniorLink pendant.Next is an introduction to the transcript. It starts with an introductory sentence that uses can did adjectives and sentence structure to describe the characters. Next comes the setting of the scene, where Veras predicament takes shape. One sentence is underlined, this sentence To her nuisance is highlighted to make it stand out more, as it is decking and important. The intro ends with another ellipsis, opening the way for the transcript. sound before the transcript is a picture of both Lyn and Vera, depicted as happy, this is showing how good the receiving lag is and how pleased Vera is to be alive.The transcript itself is 16 lines long, combining playscript style speech and bold typed event explanations. The playscript reads like normal speech, Vera pauses and the text is punctuated appropriately,Please Help meThe language is different for Vera and Lyn, Vera sounds helpless and afraid, bit Lyn sounds calm and efficient. At three intervals the scripting cuts into a short explanatory line, distinguished by its bold enhancement. These inform what is happening, like director s notes. We are expected to give the appeal some trust and believe that the conversation refinefully happened.Finally there is an epilogue where, using reassuring text, they bring this ordeal to an end. They finish this section by emphasising that the SeniorLink saves lives.The final part of the advert, the back, is the possibly the most important. It is the advert in full, the appeal or the explanation section. It is clubhouse split ups that encompass all of the emotion, drawn from before and add to it, then channel it into giving a donation.The title of the piece is large, bold and eye-catching. It is presumably a joke to suggest that she could, hear voices as some old people develop insanity. Otherwise the comment that she is alive because she could hear voices is a stupid one and not thought out.The first paragraph is an assurance that Vera made a full recovery, thanks to the SeniorLink system. This is to put demented minds at rest.Then in clear bold text it saysBut many ot her sr. people arent so lucky,This shows that next the appeal will give information, possibly facts on old people that didnt make it through their ordeals.Paragraph 2 is apparently a factual one, where they give you shocking statistics on how many people dont survive each week. This is supposed to appeal to your human nature and lull you into lacking(p) to help decrease this statistic.Next comes another single line of text that prepares you for upcoming information. It is underlined and utilises an emphasising adverb, which is describing an adjective, tragic. This is used to transmit it from being tragic to rattling tragic, emphasis.The next two paragraphs are two cases, which are utilised to shock youfurther, and again to appeal to your Human side.The fifth paragraph is in bold text and is designed to be reliving after the heavy emotion carrying paragraphs. It is positive and righteous. It opens with a statement of good,Yet tragedy can be avoidedThis is showing the gold horizon , while saying that our cause is the most important cause. Then in the second sentence it uses the mysterious induction againHearing VoicesIn the sixth paragraph the appeal itself surfaces and they make their quick request for money, while surrounding it with ideas of stopping unnecessary deaths and the strange voice inference again. The donation request itself is only five words long, out of the whole advert. It is short and enveloped to try to masque their intentions, while making it stand out in your mind. Also in this paragraph two words are underlined to add emphasis on their aims.The next paragraph is a short direct paragraph and adds a little more emphasis on the pendant itself.Paragraph eight is the technical element, it explains just now what the pendant is, wrapped in technical terms to show that this is cutting edge technology and is really effective.The text ends with a warm climax ands shows one last time that the pendant is an amazing thing.The logo of Help The Aged is a rising sun, symbolising that there is dawning hope and always a light for old people.In conclusion, the advert uses most of the persuasive techniques in the handbook, from simple adjectives and bold text to psychological hints and shocking facts. However I would say that the advert has been worked at psychologically wise, everything is in the right place, and the things that should stand out do stand out. At every step of the way they have used persuasive writing, showing thatVera survived because of the pendant,The pendant is efficient and will always work,Pensioners without a pendant die frequently,Preventing the deaths is easy donate money.On a personal level I wasnt convinced, I saw the IT tricks and psychological hints as insults, and saw right through them. Perhaps Im wrong, and I just am not human copious to see that they really are doing good in the world.But, most people would or should give money as it is fairly well thought through and has pretty shocking facts, if theyre true.I have well-educated that advertising is a crooked business and has many ways of persuasion. It does take a lot of thought.

Product Life Cycle Essay Example for Free

Product Life Cycle EssayINTERNATIONAL PRODUCT LIFE CYCLEThe international product life cycle is a theoretical model describing how an industry evolves over time and crossways national borders. This theory also charts the development of a companys food marketing program when competing on both domestic and foreign fronts. International product life cycle concepts combine economic principles, much(prenominal) as market development and economies of scale, with product life cycle marketing and other standard business line models. The four primary elements of the international product life cycle theory are the structure of the take in for the product, manufacturing, international competition and marketing strategy, and the marketing strategy of the company that invented or innovated the product. These elements are categorized depending on the products pointedness in the traditional product life cycle. Introduction, growth, maturity, and decline are the stages of the prefatori al product life cycle. During the introduction stage, the product is new and not completely understood by approximately consumers. Customers that do understand the product may be willing to pay a higher terms for a cutting-edge good or service. Production is dependent on skilled laborers producing in diddle runs with rapidly changing manufacturing methods.The pioneer markets mostly domestically, occasionally branching let out to sell the product to consumers in other developed countries. International competition is usually nonexistent during the introduction stage, but during the growth stage competitors in developed markets begin to copy the product and sell domestically. These competitors may also branch out and begin exporting, often starting with the county that initially innovated the product. The growth stage is also marked by an rising product standard based on mass issue. Price wars often begin as the innovator breaks into an increasing amount of developed countries, introducing the product to new and untapped markets. At some point, the product enters the maturity stage of the international product life cycle and even the global marketplace lives saturated, meaning that or so everyone who would buy the product has bought it, either from the innovating company or one of its competitors. Businesses compete for the remaining consumers through lower prices and advanced product features. Production is stable, with a focus on cost-cutting manufacturing methods, so that lowered prices may be passed on to value-conscious consumers. Product innovators must guard both foreignand domestic markets from international competition, while eventually breaking into riskier developing markets in search of new customers. When the product reaches the decline stage, the innovators may move production into these developing countries in an effort to boost sales and keep costs low. During decline, the product may become obsolete in most developed countries, or the price is driven so low that the market becomes close to 100% saturated.

Term Paper About Sports Essay Example for Free

Term Paper About Sports turn outThe sport datesback to the Egyptians, who vie plot of grounds involving the kicking of a en. Now, the sport has grown to a global pastime, including men s and women steams, and the World Cup (which is rooked each four age). The sport is as well as k right awayn by opposite names in some busts of the English-speaking world, usually association foot orchis and its contraction, soccer. These names atomic outcome 18 often go for to distinguish the spirited from other codes of football, since the word football whitethorn be used to refer to several quite different games. Football is a team sport played in the midst of two teams consisting of eleven players all(prenominal).It is a ball game played on a rectangular throne field with a inclination at apiece end. The objective of the game is to score by maneuvering the ball into the opposing goal. Other than the goalkeepers, players may not use their hands or arms to propel the ball in g eneral play. The winner is the team which has scored most goals at the end of the match. Football is played at a professional level all over the world, and millions of pack regularly go to football stadia to trace their favourite team, whilst billions more avidly watch the game on television. A very large number of mountain also play football at an amateur level.According to a survey conducted by Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), footballs establishment body, published in the spring of 2001, over 240 million people regularly play football in more than 200 countries in every part of the world. Its fair rules and minimal equipment directments befuddle no uncertainness aided its spread and growth in popularity. In m whatsoever another(prenominal) parts of the world football evokes majuscule passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations it is therefore often claimed to be the most popular spor t in the world.Because of this it is often dubbed as the Worlds Favorite Pastime. 1. Football is rougher than most people actually think. People usually dont see whats happening away the television cameras view or get rid of the field. Off the screen, you have players kicking each other, exchanging words, or even pushing each other around. Dont feel bad, though, because the reviewers dont see it half the time either. Then, during the game you have players slide tackling and taking each other out for possession of the ball. These players argon wearing energy to protect them from serious injuries.According to a survey conducted by Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), footballs governing body, published in the spring of 2001, over 240 million people regularly play football in more than 200 countries in every part of the world. Its naive rules and minimal equipment requirements have no doubt aided its spread and growth in popularity. In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations it is therefore often claimed to be the most popular sport in the world.Because of this it is often dubbed as the Worlds Favorite Pastime. 2. II. History of Football (soccer) During the 1800s the people of England played a game similar to soccer. Many rules changed and each person interpreted the rules differently. The modern version came about in the early nineteenth century,in England. It started as a game involving kicking and handing, notwithstanding afterward this branched off into two separate sports rugby and football (which is what the English call soccer). In 1848 a group of school representatives met at Trinity College in Cambridge and drew up the first of soccer rules.In 1863 English soccer clubs founded the Football Association. By the late 1800s soccer began to spread to the rest of the world. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913. The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been played every four years except during WWII. The North American Soccer League (NASL) was formed in 1968 and the sport began to gain popularity in the 1970 s. Modern Game and Rules The modern game of soccer has a simple goal kick or head the ball in to the goal of your opponent s team.Basically, there is also one simple rule No one except the goalkeeper may use they rehands to play the ball. Soccer is a simplistic sport. Eleven members of each team defend their side of the field to prevent the ball from being forced into their goal, which results in a point scored by the team kicking the ball. There are lonesome(prenominal) three officials use upd during play The referee, and two linesmen. The equipment used in soccer is also very simple. In addition to the field itself, all that is needed for a game is two goals (eight feet high and eight yards apart) and a ball.Each player wears hard plastic or padded shin guard, covered by retentive socks, for protection during play. Cleats are alsoworn for traction on the field. A goalie may also wear a special padded shirt,and gloves to protect his or her hands. A standard field, as regulated by the Federation International de Football Association (or FIFA), has a length between 100 and 130 yards,and a width of between 50 and 100 yards. The rules of play for soccer have deliberately been kept simple. The referee makes most of the decisions, and attempts to encourage fair play.A soccer or football game begins with a root in the center of the field. A coin is flipped to decide which team go forth kickoff. The other team kicks off at the start of the second half when the teams switch sides or nets. 3. III. Nature of the game The game is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game, which are summarised infra. Two teams of eleven players each c ompete to get a round ball (itself known as a football) into the other teams goal, thereby scoring a goal.The team which has scored the most goals at the conclusion of the game is the winner if both teams have an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. The primary rule for this objective is that players, other than the goalkeepers, may not intentionally touch the ball with their hands or arms during play (though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart). Although players mainly use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their bodies other than their hands or arms. The corporeal contact between players is restricted holding, tripping, kicking or excessively pushing opponents is not allowed.Such actions (along with handling the ball) are called fouls and are punishable by a free kick (or a penalty kick if commited in the vicinity of the offenders goal see below for flesh out). In typical game play, players attempt to move towards a goal through individual check out of the ball, much(prenominal) as by dribbling (running with the ball close to their feet) by passing the ball from team-mate to team-mate and by taking shots at the goal. Opposition players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent who controls the ball.Football is generally a free-flowing game with the ball in play at all times except when the ball has left the field of play by wholly crossing over a boundary line (either on the ground or in the air), or play has been stopped by the referee. When play has been stopped, it recommences with a specified restart (see below). At a professional level, usually a few goals are scored during a match. For example, during 2004-05 season of the FA Premier League, an average of 2. 57 goals per match were scored, and 88% of the matches ended up with not more than 4 goals scored.However, only 8% of the matches completed goalless. 4. IV. Playing Area Anassociation football pitch(also known as afootball pitch,football field1orsoccer field) is the playing surface for the game ofassociation footballmade of turf. Its dimensions and markings are delimitate by Law 1 of theLaws of the Game, The Field of Play. 2 All line markings on thepitchform part of the area which they define. For example, a ball on or above thetouchlineis still on the field of play a ball on the line of the goal area is in the goal area and a foul committed over the 16. -metre (18-yard) line has occurred in thepenalty area. Therefore a ball mustiness completely cross the touchline to be out of play, and a ball must wholly cross the goal line (between the goal posts) before a goal is scored if any part of the ball is still on or above the line, the ball is still in play. The field descriptions that apply to adult matches are set forth below. Note that due to the original formulation of the Laws in England and the early supremacy of the four British football associations within IFAB, t he standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed inimperial units.The Laws now express dimensions with approximatemetricequivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), but use of the imperial units carcass common in some countries, especially in the United Kingdom. 5. V. Physical (Soccer/Football) Conditioning Soccer is a sport requiring high levels of physical fitness. It is one of those rare games which demands not only speed but agility, strength, world-beater and endurance. Players at top levels can run over 14 km in a game whilst not forgetting the frequent accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction and jumps they must undertake.Fitness is important at all levels of the game, whilst being inherent for top level players, it is beneficial for beginners who will improve both their effectiveness and enjoyment through wide-cut standards of fitness. The aim of fitness facts of life in football is to enable a player to cope with the physical d emands of the game as well as allowing the efficient use of his various technical and tactical competencies end-to-end the match. Fitness may be described as a set of attributes that an individual has or has acquired which jock in their ability to perform physical activity.The diagram below (Fig 1) outlines the general components which make up and are required for physical fitness in sport. Mental fitness and diet could be included but the diagram refers to the main components of fitness which require physical activity and which bring about physiological changes in the body. Fitness as mentioned earlier is based on the attributes an individual has, meaning what he is born with or has acquired, in other words through training. Thus, performance is influenced by inherited abilities (genetic) and training status.An individual who is of course gifted will still need proper training to make the most of their talent. Different sports require different fitness components. Football play ers must be able to perform prolonged intermittent operate (endurance), exercise at high-intensity, sprint, and develop high levels of power (force) when kicking and tackling. Good levels of agility and coordination are also necessary and distinguish between elite and average players. During a game the exercise intensity varies continually thus fitness training should be as realistic as possible.Training should also involve regular use of the ball as this will not only help develop the item muscles involved in match play, but improve technical and tactical skills and help keep players interested. 6. Coaches such as Marcello Lippi formerly at Juventus, are big believers in individual fitness programs as every player has different needs. This is important as well when training women and youth players. Fig 2 details the major components involved in football specific training. In all the different components of fitness mentioned above, there are certain basic principles that apply to football fitness training.Frequency Refers to the quantity of training sessions during a defined period of time, often a week. For example, a professional player may train doubly a day, 5 times a week. Intensity Can be simply defined by howharda player trains. Too much exercise can lead to injury and scare off whereas too little will not have profuse of an effect. Elite players can train longitudinal and harder than players at a lower level. Intensity is often based on the number of repetitions and how many exercises/sets done. It is conjugated to the principle of progressive surcharge.Progressive overload amp duration Training programs should stress the players physiological mechanisms enough to cause an improvement in the desired area. This means that working on the same fitness course of study for a long time will not bring about improvement. Therefore, training status will only be bettered by gradually increasing the load that the body is working against. Incorrect overl oad may bring injury and demotivation due to over-zealous targets. The duration is the time spent in a training session and is dependent upon the sport and individual.

Snakes and People Are One Essay Example for Free

Snakes and People Are One EssayIn the Bible, it is written Now these are to you the Augean among the swarming things which swarm on the earth the mole, and the mouse, and the great lizard in its kinds. Furthermore it is said that These including the ophidian are to you the raunchy among all the swarming things whoever touches them when they the swarming things are dead becomes unclean until reddening (Leviticus 1129 and 31). Thus some(prenominal), across cultures and unalike religions, dedicate equated the snake as well, with sin, pestilence and devils and demons. No wonder umpteen of us fear the snake. hence the snake is fearsome for its lethal capacity given its venom and all. But how fair is it to say practiced be g wiz with this creature? How many of us have taken this beautiful creature for grant? Or better yet, actualise how many of us will respond to the presence of a snake the way the young man in the following story reacted (www. australianexplorer. com) Qui te some years ago I was visiting friends in a lovely seaside spot (well in truth near the sea) called Pottsville in New South Wales. An appropriate name it seemed at the time. My friends had an English friend staying with them as well as.His name was Nigel. My friends house was a sort of dilapidated old weatherboard house with infixed air-conditioning, i. e. , lots of holes. Nigel decided to have a bath in the rather primitive and holey bathroom. We could hear him singing happily away. Next elegant there was a shriek ARRRRGGGGHHHHHHH We heard the bathroom door slam and saw Nigel making for the woodheap, nude. He went behind the woodheap and next thing we heard was thump, thump, thump coming from the bathroom along with cries of I got you, you b I got you We all thought it might be a good idea to go and see what was bothering Nigel. Imagine our horror to see Nigel, axe in hand, standing triumphantly astraddle a very large snake cut into several large pieces. We were horrified be cause the snake was Bob, our friends pet ratter, a rather sweet and lugubrious carpet python of nearly 2 meters in length who had a penchant for change surface up at the bottom of my friends bed. Nigel explained, somewhat incoherently, that the snake had fallen out of the roof into the bath with him. What would you have done? he asked us.Yes, what would you have done in such a situation? We reckon that many would not pity the snake in this story and would quickly empathize with the man. If that is so, then there is a need to take a better look at the serpent, this reptilian that forsook its legs. If you said yes, consider the outline points raised here. We do not only have life in this small planet, but a web of life. That web wobbles and stretches in space-time as the existence of millions and millions of species hang in a unassured balance, all nurtured by one resource the planet Earth.Various flora (thats plant life), mammals (thats includes us gentles), birds, fishes, insec ts and, of course, snakes and reptiles all life are interconnected. That is why scientists have raised the specter of extinction of many species of flora and fauna. If we wipe out other species, like that of the snake, we will create a signifi kindlet instability in the ecology and create a whole in the so-called web of life that could lastly destroy it, decimating us, humans, as well.Snakes and the other so-called ugly creatures have become a worldwide fretfulness especially in congested home grounds where human and snake populations overlap in certain territories (Firth, Sheikh-Miller, and Woodcock, 2001). Exploitation of natural snake habitats are further forcing the two species to live together and now with the human population pass judgment to double within the next 40 years, both snakes and humans will greatly be impact as human needs world grow exponentially as well (Ricciuti, 2001). . Well, humans and snakes can live well together.There is no doubt. Early societies ha ve shown this. For instance, there is evidence that the early sum American people have manipulated their surroundings in such a way that snake and human habitats overlap. Eyewitness accounts from the early European explorers, trappers, soldiers and missionaries affirmed that prior to their settlement in the wilderness native Indians even consume some snake species (Nagda, 2002). This is not unique to the Americas and the relationship is not only about one serving as gastronomical delight for the other.Around the world, nature has provided humans with all the resources needed in order for both humans and snakes to survive. In this arrangement throughout history, the snake has been a food source, habitat balancer (being a natural predator of smaller animals), source of unique proteins for medical use, as pets (as in our story here), as symbols for religious practice, as source of sophisticated raw materials for clothing, footwear and accessories, and then, of course, snakes are also popular subjects for art and photography. (Firth et al. , 2001)Given all these, unfortunately, snake hunting, poaching, and especially indiscriminate murdering continues (Mattison, 1992). Humans, why kill wantonly? Why be unduly afraid? References Graham, B. (2008). Murder by serpents. The mystery quilt, p. 439. Mattison, C. (1992). A-Z of snake keeping, p. 143 (1992) property and breeding snakes. p. 132 and 183. Nagda, A. W. (2002). Snake charmer, Vol. 1. Ricciuti, E. R. (2001). The snake almanac, 192 116. Sheikh-Miller, J. , Woodcock, J. (2001). Snakes. Usborne discovery, p. 63. Travel stories. Retrieved 10 May 2008, from http//www. australianexplorer. com/ forum/stories/128. htm

Thoreau, Henry D, Walden Essay Example for Free

Thoreau, atomic number 1 D, Walden EssayHenry David Thoreau, who deals with nature, remain to this day slightlywhatthing of a mystery. He was an the Statesn essayist, poet, and sensible philosopher, best love for his autobiographical story of life in the woods, WALDEN (1854). Thoreau became one of the leading personalities in in the buff England Transcendentalism. Thoreaus primary music genre was essay, and his fascination with his immanent surroundings is reflected in art objecty of his writings dealing with tot tot eitheryy different subjects. intrinsic History of Massachusetts includes poetry, describes the Merrimack River, and discusses the best technique for spear fishing. Although he has had more interpreters than whatever of our other(a) writers on nature, his complex personality has eluded an forever-gathering host of senti workforcetal disciples, whom he would take a leak been the first of all in all to spurn , and nearly all his ingenious critics from Lo equitable and Stevenson to those of his centenary in 1917.He has been regarded as an American Diogenes and a rural Barnum as a narrow Puritan, as a rebel against Puritanism, as a Ger troops-Puritan romanticist as a sentimentalist as a poet-naturalist as a hermit worshiping genius as an anarchistic dreamer as a loafer, W here(predicate), amid these bewildering and often equally plausible interpretations, are we to find what he himself called his admittedly centre, if therefore he has one?Obviously, the answer should lie within the twenty volumes of his collected writings in part, however, it should be revealed by an examination of the influences that were most important in making him what he was. John Thoreau-one of Carlyles sincere, silent fathers of genius, who, in his bodulate of pencils and plumbago, was more intent on excellence than on pecuniary gain-and of Cynthia Dunbar, handsome and spirited, one of the most unending talkers ever seen in Concord, whom her staid fri endship was inclined non altogether to approve.His love of nature seems to defend been adumbrated in his mother certainly it was evoked very early, since he tells of the keen impression produced on his imagination, when he was only four or five historic period old, by the sight of Waldens fair waters and woods, which, he says, for a long time made the drapery of my dreams. Early, too, came the tendency to reverie and the love of solitude, although for some years he lived, like Wordsworth, mainly the life of glad beast movements, wandering over the countryside, to woods, lakes, and rivers-hunting, fishing, berry-picking, boating, swimming.Thoreau was associating with men on other soils than the raptures of y verbotenh in contact with nature and this habit grew until, at Harvard College, he nonrecreational little heed to the curriculum, and He embarked upon a long voyage of unchartered reading that profoundly influenced his spotter on nature and on human life . For the field o bservations of a student of nature Thoreau was praiseworthily endowed. There was a wonderful fitness, said Emerson, of body and mind. He had in high degree a species of dexterity non uncommon in the Yankee. He understood the relation between sensuous get-up-and-go and subtlety and the life of a naturalist The true man of science, he wrote in the Journal, willing know nature better by his finer organization he will smell, taste, see, hear, feel, better than other men. faultless perception in the metaphysical as well as the physical sphere he believed to be dependent on a fit body.The whole duty of man is to make to oneself a perfective tense body, a fit companion for the soul, since the bodily senses are channels through which we may receive inexpressible messages-subservient still to moral purposes, auxiliar to master. This relation between body and soul he was almost incessantly aware of certainly he never cultivated body for the sake of body, and, being a good New Engl ander, had no erotic strain.Nothing was more foreign to his nature than the sensuality of a certain eccentric of vigorous masculinity to be found in all ages, notably in the Renaissance, when poet and painter, as well as philosopher, had ground for saying that not all the snows of Caucasus could avail to allay the fires within me. Driven to select between body and soul, Thoreau would have had no hesitation I must confess there is nil so strange to me as my own body, he wrote in his Journal.I love any other piece of nature, almost, better. That is his view of body as body, merely body as minister of the divine he could not value too highly, and, if not of the Renaissance, he was equally not of the Middle Ages. He was indeed all- sentient. Other poets of nature have not been so fortunate. Thoreaus Taking nature as his province, Thoreau studied her faithfully, acquainting himself with her innumerable facts, her exact rules and laws, her endless diversity and loveliness of form an d movement, till he was prone to forget that familiarity of the part was but a means to knowledge of the whole.Yet inwardly he knew and remembered that to attain the true end, to penetrate to the reality beneath the show, he must stir the deeper currents of his own being, rouse himself out of that sleepwalking which, gibe to Carlyle, is what we please to call life. How could he skipe to read rightly the holy book of nature if he brought to it nothing better than the unreal light of the dream world in which the ordinary man lives without knowing it-that ordinary man of whom Plato says, dreaming and slumbering in this life, before he will awake here he arrives at the world below, and has his final quietus .Thoreaus subtle and ambiguous synthesis is founded on a fiction. His account of his tax resistance in the essay revises his tax resistance in the world, in his community of Concord. Thoreau tells us he finds in himself an instinct toward the higher, or spiritual, life, and anoth er toward a unrefined and savage one. He reverences them both I love the wild no less than the good. For wildness and goodness must ever be separate.Thoreau repudiates the physical life with the astounding statement in Walden of all booksNature is hard to be overcome but she must be overcome. In this new context it appears that Nature is abruptly reorient with the feminine, the carnivorous, and the carnal though a mans spiritual life is startlingly moral one is nonetheless liable(predicate) to temptations from the merely physical, or feminine urges to indulge in a slimy beastly life of eating, drinking, and dedifferentiated sensuality.Thoreau speaks as a man to other men, in the hectoring tone of a Puritan preacher, warning his readers not against damnation (in which he cannot believe-he is too canny, too Yankee) but against succumbing to their own lower natures We are conscious of an animal in us, which awakens in proportion as our higher nature slumbers. Sensuality takes ma ny forms but it is all one-one vice. All purity is one. Though sexuality of any kind is foreign to Walden, chastity is evoked as a value, and a chapter which began with an extravagant paean to wildness concludes with a denunciation of the unnamed sexual instincts. I hesitate to say these things, but it is not because of the subject, I care not how obscene my words are, but because I cannot speak of them without betraying my impurity Thoreaus extensive accounts of his house in Walden demonstrate a lively clench of issues in current architectural thought. Pinning down his intellectual sources, however, often proves difficult, and it is uncertain whether or not he knew the villa books firsthand.There is some evidence that he was familiar with pour down, albeit at a later designation than the Walden experiment. He mentions Downings A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening (1841) and The Fruits and Fruit Trees of North America (1845) in a brief enumeration of books on a friends shelf in 1857, and in a journal entry of 1852, he critiques the notion that one should take up a handful of the terra firma at your feet paint your house that colour, a amour propre that had appeared in Downings writings in 1846 and 1850.Joseph J.Moldenhauer argues, however, that Thoreaus source was quite William Wordsworths Guide to the Lakes (1810), a copy of which Thoreau owned (the fifth edition, of 1835, is an American compilation), in which the handful of the earth conceit is attributed to Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) in conversation. Moldenhauer stresses that Thoreaus knowledge of Downing is circumstantial rather than documentary nonetheless, the circumstantial evidence seems strong, given that Downing was at the height of his popularity and influence at the very moment of Thoreaus 1852 remarks . Elsewhere Thoreaus Nature is unsentimental, existentialist.In liveliness organism Neighbours, for instance, Thoreau observes an ant war of nearly Homeric proportion s and examines two maimed soldier ants under a microscope the elongate with the human world is too obvious to be emphasized . Although Thoreau introduces the irreconcilability of man and Nature in Walden, in The Maine Woods (1864) he gives the inscrutability of Nature its fullest treatment. In each of Thoreaus threesome quests into the forest of Maine he foregrounds an epistemological crisis which in conclusion reveals the inscrutability of Nature, and the inability of man, as Melville might suggest, to pierce through the agoneeboard mask of Nature.In Ktaadn, Thoreau introduces the epistemological themes that he will develop further in Chesuncook and Allegash and East Branch. Each of these three excursions is an extravagant wandering from elegance out into the wild interior of Maine, and then back to civilization (although it must be noted that none of the three excursions is completely circular in the first and third journeys. Thoreau and his companions leave from Boston, but only return as far as Bangor in the imprimatur journey Thoreau leaves from Boston and returns to Oldtown, just a bit past Bangor).The central opposition at work in all three excursions is the pedigree between civilization and Nature, the tamed and the primitive. The hallmarks of civilization are money, property, politics, and machines, such as the railroad and steamboat the wilderness features wild animals, tangled plants, bugs, mountains, rivers, and background Ktaadn. Ktaadn, the first excursion, takes place in 1846. The themes of Ktaadn are grounded in the relationship between civilized man and primitive Nature.Thoreau sets out from Boston into the wilderness of Maine in order to ascend wear Ktaadn in an effort to re-establish an pilot film relation with Nature, to push beyond boundaries into the realm of the Indian storm-bird Pomolawho, according to Penobscot legend, lives on Mount Ktaadn-where man and Nature unite and ultimate truths are revealed. He never reaches the sum mit of Mount Ktaadn, however, and Thoreau makes it sluttish that Nature remains ultimately inscrutable. Speaking of Ktaadn, Thoreau writes It was vast, Titanic, and such as man never inhabits.Some part of the beholder, even some vital part, seems to escape through the loose grating of his ribs as he ascends. He is more solo than you can imagine. There is less of substantial thought and fair understanding in him than in the plains where men inhabit. His reason is dispersed and shadowy, more thin and subtle, like the air. Vast, Titanic, inhuman. Nature has got him at disadvantage, caught him alone and pilfers him of some of his divine faculty. She does not smile on him as in the plains. She seems to say sternly, Why came here before your time.This ground is not prepared for you. Thoreau writes Talk of mysteries Think of our life in nature, daily to be shown matter, to come in contact with it, rocks, trees, wind on our cheeks. Having sought the unification of man and Nature, and fail ed. But, just as Thoreau fails to reach the pilfer of Ktaadn, none have gone high enough up the mountain to find the origin of the spring. Thoreaus second journey into the wilderness of Maine occurs in 1853. Thoreau more fully develops a series of oppositions introduced in Ktaadn.In Chesuncook Thoreau explores the contrast between civilization and wilderness, the civilized and the primitive, the present and the past, lower uses of Nature and higher laws, the indiscriminate hunter and the poet, and good and discipline. In his excursion, Thoreau appetitees to recapture the past-to relive what the Jesuit missionaries experienced when travelling through the primitive wilderness uninfluenced by civilized man-but he is unable to he is tainted by the corrosive effect of civilization. Thoreau makes this clear central crisis the destruction of the moose by Thoreaus band of indiscriminate hunters.Framed by suggestive allusions to Mount Ktaadn, Thoreaus participation in the killing of the mo ose provokes the wrath of Nature against Thoreau, thereby cutting off any chance. Thoreau may have had of succeeding where he failed in Ktaadn to establish an original relation with Nature, to go beyond boundaries and express truth . In Chesuncook Thoreau laments his only half-willed participation in the destruction of Nature in A Minor Bird the narrator tries to understand what there is within man that would cause him to silence any song of Nature, whether that song be in-or-out of key.The suggestion in A Minor Bird is that there is some mysterious separation between man and Nature, a disharmony. Thoreau reflects on the relentless, inevitable coming of civilization, and the destruction of Nature, which this advance brings with it. This poses a serious problem, for the Poet, notes Thoreau, and draws power and inspiration from contact with primitive Nature. In the end Thoreau suggests that perhaps man can preserve some of the raw wilderness left in America (through some form of park system or similar venture).This solution is Thoreaus problematic judge at a mediating agree between the relentless progress of civilization and the need of the Poet to tap into the inscrutable power within Nature, the Poets muse. In the past, Nature was untouched and available to the Poet in the present, Nature is quickly receding. Thoreau introduces the idea of Nature as conjecture in Chesuncook. Thoreau is doubly-damned the mythological tablets that only the poet can read are being destroyed by civilization, and the poet himself has been so corrupted by civilization that even he can no longer read the a few(prenominal) glowing wood chips that remain.The poet yearns for communication with Nature, but he cannot bridge the gulf, which separates them. In the end, Thoreau symbolically resigns himself to his fate when hop and Indian Joe pass by Ktaadn on their way back home, they do not even attempt to climb. Thoreau complains testily in his Journal (1852). unmatchable needs dista nce to be able to focus his vision. One needs space and freedom of movement to refocus his vision, keep it unconstrained by familiarity, habit and custom.In Thoreaus view, lack of originality and morning freshness amounts to near blindness. What makes nature nonhuman, but, for that very reason, also a perfect conversationist is that nature is ever original, lacking intention and memory. Both, in Thoreaus eyes, are socially conditioned and therefore suspect, the first associated with private interest, the second, with the bonds of tradition. Natural existence, on the other hand, is superior to petty concerns and designs, it unfolds spontaneously moment-by-moment, offering itself to man as a pure tonic. Vista and novelty are what Thoreau treasures most in relationships and communication, and these natures would provide amply . Until recently, Thoreaus scientific interests and pursuits were dismissed by critics as amateur and sloppy science coupled with a declined prose style. Only re cently, with the 1993 military issue of Faith in a Seeda collection of not just his late natural history essays but also including the first publication of his unfinished manuscriptshas it become apparent that Thoreau had accomplished something important.In Faith, he demonstrated by observation, experimentation and analysis, how 99 percent of forest seeds are dispersed and how forests change over time, and regenerate after fire or human destruction. Thoreau worked at his familys pencil factory in 1837-38, 1844, and 1849-50. He had a natural gift for mechanics. According to Henry Petroski, Thoreau discovered how to make a good pencil out of inferior graphite by using clay as the binder this cheat improved upon graphite found in New Hampshire in 1821 by Charles Dunbar.Later, Thoreau converted the factory to producing plumbago, utilize to ink typesetting machines. Frequent contact with minute particles of graphite may have weakened his lungs. He travelled to Quebec once, drape Cod twice, and Maine three times these landscapes inspired his excursion essays, A Yankee in Canada, Cape Cod, and The Maine Woods, in which travel intineraries frame his thoughts about geography, history and philosophy. Thoreau was not without his critics.Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson judged Thoreaus endorsement of living alone in natural simplicity, apart from modern society to be a mark of unmanliness Thoreaus content and ecstasy in living was, we may say, like a plant that he had water and tended with womanish solicitude for there is apt to be something unmanly, something almost dastardly, in a life that does not move with dash and freedom, and that fears the bracing contact of the world. In one word, Thoreau was a skulker. He did not wish virtue to go out of him among his fellow-men, but slunk into a corner to hoard it for himself.He left all for the sake of certain virtuous self-indulgences. Stevenson was sickly much of his life, bed-ridden and cared for by his mother and wife, but craved a life of adventure and travel. However, English novelist George Eliot, writing in the Westminster Review, characterized such critics as uninspired and narrow-minded packvery wise in their own eyeswho would have every mans life ordered according to a particular pattern, and who are intolerant of every existence the utility of which is not palpable to them, may discourage Mr.Thoreau and this episode in his history, as unpractical and dreamy. Throughout the 19th century, Thoreau was dismissed as a bothersome provincial, hostile to material progress. In a later era, his devotion to the causes of abolition, Native Americans, and wilderness preservation have marked him as a visionary.

Maternal instincts vs. social instincts Essay Example for Free

motherly instincts vs. favorable instincts EssaySethes most severe behavior as a mother, that distinguishes her as amicablely constructed by two her mothers actions and the abuse of thraldom, because she alters the rules, determines for herself what is acceptable and unacceptable, what is right and what is wrong, suggests that she is simultaneously the best mother and the worst, and without call into question, revolutionary.Trudier Harris notes that Morrison succeeds in making Sethe so simply human and American (the God-given right to gestation, hunch forward of ones children, desire of a better life for them, love of independence, non adaptity) that we cannot easily condemn her act even when we clearly do not condone it (Fiction and Folklore 171). This is the case when social and moral norms are being neglected before the maternal instincts, which are proven to be to a greater extent than powerful than social ones. Yet Sethe was a pretty little slavegirl that had recog nized a hat, and split to the woodshed to crop up her children (Beloved 158).The rapidity with which she acts certainly shows its innate and essentialist behavior. Sethe is a mother both down the stairs the confines of thrall and then in freedom. neverthe slight she is a different mother in each situation, thereby convinced(p) the socially constructed nature of her mothering. She proudly develops to capital of Minnesota D the essence of motherhood and Paul D knew barely what she meant to get to a place where you could love anything you chosenot to need permission for desirewell now, that was freedom (Beloved 162). Sethe is proud of herself, her accomplishments, and appreciates her freedom.OReilly suggests that Sethes flight to freedom is structured specifically as a heroic quest (133). (Please explain a little) In reality, The very meaning of a hero and heroism is redefined, making it possible for Sethe to fray herself as subject and celebrate the reproductive feats of nursi ng and birth as heroic labor (OReilly 134). gallantry here is referred here to boldness to become a mother in such a life-denying circumstances. This is real also for Sethes rebellious and atypical rescue of herself and children as well.Interestingly, when Sethe is no longer someone elses property, she suddenly sees her children as her deliver her own property, so to speak. After being owned, she wants ownership too, of herself and her children. Sethe has never had anything to call her own in her life and suddenly everything is her own. She acts and reacts based upon everything she has seen, heard, and felt in her lifetime, a lifetime of slavery. She knows the notion of ownership. Sethe reacts as a result of her newfound possessiveness and ownership of her children. Again, she is creating her own language and law for motherhood.Paul D understands part of this the possessiveness, the love, and the freedom. however he does not understand the violent death. To her, death and the potential of heaven is better than slavery and hell on earth. Thus, this murder may prove her more animalistic, as schoolteacher would argue she already is, or perhaps, less so, because her decision was a conscious one, thought out and made of her own free will (Beloved 193). She grooms responsibleness for herself and her actions by refusing to accept patriarchal societys laws regarding slavery, laws regarding murder, and traditions regarding a womans place, especially a black womans place.So, instead of returning to slavery under schoolteacher and his two sensiblely and emotionally abusive nephews, she assumes society, institutes an instant matriarchal ruling system, the social instincts, empowered by her own mothers actions and perhaps toying with Gods power what Sethe giveth, Sethe taketh past. She does not regard the murder of her young lady as taking life away from her daughter, but as keeping her daughters life away from schoolteacher, away from slavery, and putting it in a better place. Sethe believes that once Beloved is dead and moves on to eternal life, uncomplete schoolteacher nor slavery can touch.She is safe. She will be where Sethes own mother is. Sethe believes she is preserving Beloved by killing her. She is preserving the purity of her body and mind. Beloved will not be ripped apart by the men or the institution that governs slavery. She will not be raped physically or emotionally. Thus, to Sethe, she has succeeded in preserving her daughter. In Beloved, Sethe is both subject and object, rigid and excessive, mother and daughter. She is exerting influence as well as receiving it and she exerts it because of the way she has received it from her own mother.This becomes relevant to her handling of Paul D, as well. Paul D does not understand what he must accept in order to make a life with Sethe. He cannot accept his place in the household as something other than the head and he does not understand Sethes love, protectiveness, or murder of her daughter. Paul D s reaction to the knowledge of Sethes actions, according to Jan Furman, forces her to rebuff all attempts to minimize her victories as a woman, as a mother. And so she takes back from Paul D the debt instrument for her breasts that she had given (75-6). She takes all responsibility back.This tells the reader again that Sethes strength surpasses all. Morrison flat out tells the reader that she is tougher, because she could do and survive things they believed she should neither do nor survive (Beloved 47). She cannot be the weak slave woman when her actions, her love, and her strength of character make her larger than, more powerful than schoolteacher, Halle, Paul D, maybe all of patriarchal society itself. Her actions certainly disrupt the societal norms. However, the intact issue remains regarding essentialism and social constructionism. Is birth civilized or is it animalistic?Mothers are trained, from the onset of motherhood, to virtually be more natural, mo re like animals. Then, later in life, when those tendencies take a different form, in protectiveness of their young, mothers are maligned for the same behavior and actions that were instilled upon them during pregnancy, labor and childbirth, and this is Sethes plight. She attempts to take the proper measures, which is her defined, unstereotypical manner. Therefore, as in Sethes case, the concept of mothering may have essentialist qualities, but the individual mother is socially constructed. Why, then, does Sethe kill Beloved?Why, after her milk was taken from her by one of the nephews, taking practically all of her motherhood with it, does she begin to take motherhood away from herself when she fought so hard to get it under freedom? Why wouldnt her sons, Howard and Buglar, let go each others pass (Beloved 183)? They fear the one person who should be their haven in this world. Is motherhood that powerful? Why does it take Sethe twenty years to figure out that she should have kille d schoolteacher, not her own child, as is evidenced by the fact that when Mr. Bodwin comes to take Denver to work, Sethe goes after him and not Denver (Beloved 262)?Is it because the institution of slavery was so self-colored that it would have claimed her and her children even if schoolteacher were dead? And if the structure of slavery were so powerful, and one sees the negativity, the hatred, the racism in its structure, then one must claim matriarchy for the solution. One must see Sethe as a powerful and revolutionary woman who, although she commits murder, although she kills her own best thing, her crawling already? girl who impresses her with her advanced physical capabilities, makes her own decisions under her own set of rules, given to her because she is a mother.She can no longer conform to an authority that prevents her from protecting her young in undoubtedly excessive ways once the hummingbirds of motherhood spirit level their beaks into her heart. Paul D and schoolteac her reference Sethe in terms of animal characteristics with a negative connotation. But if one can co-opt the male masters language one can offer that it is not always bad for a mother to have animalistic tendencies, though she should not be heedful by them. Interestingly, the non-biological mothers will offer even further examination of social constructionism, because they are created out of necessity.The question arises, then, as to whether their mothering behavior becomes essentialized once they assume the role of mother. A biological mother certainly could turn away her children, reject motherhood, and remain only selfishly self-aware. Yet, for the most part, the mothers do not make that choice. Are the attributes of motherhood universal, essential, regardless of the societal constructs playing on their decisions? Or do these stereotypes for motherhood break down under severe circumstances? Let us answer these questions in the next section.

Emma Gifford Poems Essay Example for Free

Emma Gifford Poems turn out dauntless shows a various amount of thoughts, feelings and concerns throughout the Veteris Vestigia Frammae section of his poems. These emotions al centerings differ depending on the stock he is recalling to the place where it took place and thus far general differences between the way he feels about his slow wife, Emma.To start with in the first poem The Going, Hardy shows feelings of criminality and blame towards Emma.The first line of the poem, wherefore did you give no hint that night straight away shows that Hardy is blaming Emma for her own death when she didnt tear down know herself that she was going to die just that she was quite ill. In this poem Hardy doesnt show guilt straight out al angiotensin-converting enzyme he does it by asking many another(prenominal) questions in the poem entirely never giving any answers, it seems as if he doesnt, maybe even gaget explain the way he feels due to Emmas death. Another emotion shown in thi s poem is resentment, resentment for the fact that they did not babble out and she died without him being able to say what she spurioust to him.I Found Her Out There is in any case one of Hardys poems that shows many emotions and some concerns of his about where Emma had been buried. Hardys main concern is the fact that he wants Emma to be in her childhood planetary house of Cornwall where she loved to be but instead she is buried in Wessex where they lived. In the poem Hardy says that he wants Emma to be where she once domiciled. This shows that Hardy wanted Emma to return to her home where she once was as he knows that she enjoyed her breeding there more than what she did in Wessex. Hardy uses the word creep to describe the way Emma would move underground, this seems to be an odd word to describe how the woman you love would move.In this case it seems as though he uses it to express his regret and how morbid it is without her but also morbid for him to remember that she loved Cornwall more than him and he knew that that was where she belonged no matter what. Hardy also uses to word shade to represent Emmas soul which also seems a modest strange as it would be her soul that would move if anything was going to not her shade which to me mode her shadow as she doesnt have one now. This to me represents that Hardy cant and maybe dont want to believe that she has gone(p) and he will never be able to make things better between them and make her capable like she once was.Without Ceremony is also a good poem that shows a lot of Hardys emotions as I think it can be seen as his way of having a break down as he is being haunted by the past. This poem is addressed to Emma which shows that it means a lot to him and is alternatively sentimental but also it shows how strong and powerful his words are and how much they generally mean to him. The very first line shows affection as he calls Emma, my dear, this however is not the way it was when she was alive. We can see from this that either he is imagining things or is wishing how could have been.The poem to me shows a confession from Hardy as he says a lot of things that he never got a chance to say to her but always wanted to but also he lets out some of his grief and regrets. It also shows approximately how it used to be for them being together but never being with each other. For example, before I had thought thereon showing that he neglected her and wasnt there for her even when she needed him to be. Hardy even went as far to say that he inferred which to me is him telling himself that it wasnt all his fault but he is also questioning if they acted like a couple when they were around others but went their separate ways when no one was around.The last line of the poem, Good-bye is not worth while is a very strong relation to finish on. This can shows a number of thoughts and feeling from Hardy, it could mean something as simple as it is barely what Emma did as neither of them said bye. But it could also mean how much of pretence their relationship was and how little it meant to Emma in his eyes. Lastly it could show his grief and regret of loving her but not being in love with her, as it shows that he had more to say to her and wished that he could now so to him for not doing that he doesnt deserve a good-bye from her.