Women in Ancient Times: from Matriarchy to Patriarchy Essay examples --

Women in Ancient Times from Matriarchy to PatriarchyIn rise to power to age, gender is one of the universal dimensions on which status differences are based. Unlike sex, which is a biological concept, gender is a social construct specifying the socially and heathenishly prescribed roles that men and women are to follow. Women welcome always had lower status than men, but the extent of the gap between the sexes varies across cultures and time. Images of women, mostly figurines of the same subject as the "Venus" of Willendorf*, Lespugue** and Laussel*** (old statuettes representing obese women, women whose wombs and hips are extremely exaggerated) all dating to the palaeolithic period, far outnumber images of men. This has lead to speculation about the place of women in quarry Age society. Some have argued that these female figures denote the existence during this period of a prominent female god identified usually as the Earth Mother or the Mother Goddess. On the basis of this assumption, it has been suggested that, unlike today, women played a considerably more important, if not dominant, role in Paleolithic society that possibly a matriarchy existed and women ruled. That means men havent always been the leaders its not an inborn quality (as a lot of them suggest) Johann Bachofen was a 19th Century Swiss archaeologist and classicist who was among the number one to recognize the presence of an early matriarchal stage in proto-European cultural evolution. Bachofen used Greek myth to support his arguments. He felt that there were three cultural stages that the early European culture went through. In his view the first stage was a barbaric or hetairistic stage (from the Greek word hetero meaning both) where both or actually neither sex was really in control for there was no control. The strong took advantage of the weak, and there was wide-spread "wanton" sexual activity, uncontrolled by values or morals. Bachofen thought that Aphrodite, Go ddess of Love, was the chief deity of this time. The second stage was the matriarchal stage, where women banded together for their own defense. Strong Greek hunter/warrior goddesses such as Artemis and Athena were thought by Bachofen to have come from ancient fragments of memory stemming from this time, as well as the mythic Amazons and Furies. This middle stage saw the development of agriculture, and the rise of... ...e largely unobserved it was a new kind of union composed of husband and wife, distinctly different form the former clan union of sisters and brothers. The two were in fundamental distaste to each other. Thus, although marriage was introduced by the mothers within the framework of the maternal clan structure, in the end marriage would undermine the matriarchy. Therefore womankind gave up its most sinewy weapon in maintaining its dominance in a world of fatherless children and brought about itself the torments of patriarchy, by instutionalizing marriage. Unfortunatel y, unlike the matriarchy, patriarchy has lasted to our present day. Of course there has been major(ip) progress since the days of the Roman Empire, now it is illegal to consider women lower then men in any sense (at least in several(prenominal) countries), yet most of us still see the world through the patriarchal curtain that covers our eyes. BibliographyWomen out of invoice a herstory anthology by Ann Forfreedom The Underside of history by Elise Boulding Womans evolution from matriarchal clan to patriarchal family by Evelyn Reed When God Was a Woman by Merlin Stone http//www.yahoo.comhttp//www.google.com