Persuasive Writing Assignment Essay

Rebellion is when one refuses to allow in authority. The transition of childhood into adulthood is most often represented by actions of mutinous nature. The average teen is always looking for away to hightail it conformity. Two pieces of work that express a common theme of uprising and conformity are, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and the plastic film conspiracy Theory starting Mel Gibson and Julia Roberts. Both pieces express this common theme of rebellious and conformity in a society that simply wont allow it.In the novel The Catcher in the Rye the primary(prenominal) character, Holden Caulfield, goes through many hardships in difficult to search for his place in society. Holden rebels throughout the whole book against rules, schools, and people that he encountered. An example of Holdens external conflict with conformity was on his date with Sally. At the closing curtain of their date, Holden shares a dream of running away with her to escape the normalcy in every day society, I have about a hundred and cardinal bucks in the bank. I can take it out when it opens in the morning, and hence I could go down and get this guys car. No kidding. Well stay in these cabin camps and stuff like that till the booty runs out, (Page 132).How the movie Conspiracy Theory is related to The Catcher in the Rye, is that the movies main character Jerry Fletcher is a New York City cab driver who is always telling people that a list events trigged in the world are presumee by Government conspiracies but he never seems to get anywhere with his theories. However one of the conspiracies comes true and the CIA is toilsome to shut Jerry up before he does anymore damage.Now the effort why these two are connected is because, in both cases apiece character are trying to achieve being different and dont want to be tied down by what different people tell them to do. In Jerrys case he is trying to tell the truth about these theories to the general public and try to e xcite awareness about it before its too late. In Holdens case, he feels that he needs to escape this sort of normalcy that exists in his society. The example of running away and living in the country has everything to do with conformity.The external conflict that both characters face have to do with qualification sure they dont fall into the trap that society has situated out of them and to try and achieve the unsufferable in a impossible world. Both Jerry and Holden always fee that they are being alienated in society and both are trying to find a consumption in life.

A Look into the Use of Social Media in Healthcare Essay

In the world today, smartph unrivaleds argon becoming the norm, with basal phones becoming nearly obsolete in recent years. Pairing the aro enforce presence of accessible media with the rise in practice session of smartphones brings to light an entirely new clothe of problems and challenges regarding longanimous screen. According to a 2010 pass waterplace conducted regarding non-homogeneous boards of nursing, 67% of executive officers surveyed reported receiving complaints ab out(a) sucks mis development protagonistly media (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Incidentally, social media use in health care has garnered m any(prenominal) positive results as well. ace study found that 67% of remediates use social media for professional use, and of their followers, 60% of social media users trust posts by their doctors and 55% of users trust posts by hospitals (Skram, n.d.). However, the question remains, with social media does the good outweigh the bad, and how do hospitals foste r the good while keep the bad?HIPAA RegulationsDue to the sensitive nature of the schooling kept by healthcare providers about their patients, principles were put in place to reduce the endangerment of breeching patient privacy. The health Insurance Port business leader and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) sterilize study standards and regulations regarding the breastplate of patients privacy and individualized health study (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services HHS, n.d.). Under The solitude Rule enacted by HIPAA, protection is governed over all,Individually diagnosable health study which is information, including demographic data, that relates to the psyches past, pre displace or future physical or psychical health or condition, the provision of health care to the individual, or the past, present, or future payment for theprovision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which thither is a primingable basis to believe it derriere be used to identify the individual. (HHS, n.d., p. 2).There are instances outlined in HIPAA that put up a healthcare provider to disclose a patients personal health information which include disclosing information to the individual receiving treatment, information for treatment, payment, or healthcare operations, and information for uses and disclosures with opportunity to agree or object, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as in cases in which a patient is incapacitated in the emergency department (HHS, n.d.). Also, disclosure is permitted for incidental use and disclosure and in a limited data set in which all personal identifiers have been removed (HHS, n.d.).Further much, personal health information may be disclosed for public interest and benefit activities such as those needful by law, those to ensure safety of victims of abuse, information for decedents, information for tissue donation, information for research studies, if there is a serious threat to health or society , and in cases of workers compensation (HHS, n.d.). If health information is released in discordance with the rules and regulations set forth by HIPAA, healthy perform, both civilly and criminally, move be taken against the individual responsible as well as the healthcare organization with which the individual is involved.Advantages of Smartphones and societal Media in healthcareSmartphones in the healthcare setting weed be very useful both for patients and providers. One advantage of smartphones in the healthcare setting is the overwhelming presence of medical exam applications that nates be accessed and downloaded on smartphones (Wyatt & Krauskopf, 2012). Nurses, physicians, and other medical professionals can cursorily access a host of medical reference material honest from their smartphones. Several applications are too available that are useful for patients, great(p) information about chronic conditions, health and wellness, and fitness (Wyatt & Krauskopf, 2012). Ma ny applications such as MyFitnessPal and iFitness are tailored to help individuals keep track of nutritionary intake and exercise habits (Wyatt & Krauskopf, 2012). This can be extremely useful for wad wanting to make lifestyle changes regarding nutrition and fitness, especially those aiming to lose tip and turn over healthier overall.Moreover, social media can be very right to patients suffering from chronic conditions as well as their family and friends (Norton & Strauss, 2013). For rare diseases topical anesthetic community support groups may non be available. Social media step in to fill this void by offering users a innovation of different online support groups, blogs, newsletters, and networks. Individuals can use such resources to r from each one out to others with similar issues, find much needed support during difficult times, and become alert of treatments and medications that worked for others with their same illness that may prompt them to contact their doctor a bout other possibilities in treatment options. When used properly, smartphones and social media can be very beneficial to healthcare providers and patients.Disadvantages of Smartphones and Social Media in HealthcareUnfortunately, along with the good must come the bad. For every positive prognosis of smartphones and social media in healthcare related settings, there is an equally controvert aspect. One pitfall of smartphones in healthcare is directly related to one of the positive aspects of smartphones the availability of medical applications. While the majority of medical applications are produced by reliable sources with accurate, researched information, there are still medical applications in existence that supply untrustworthy and erroneous information. Gagglioi (2012) observes that, medical apps have not been survey to rigorous testing (p. 512) the reason for which being, that most of these apps reach consumers/patients directly, without passing by the traditional medical g atekeepers (p. 512). When patients base future interventions on these erroneous applications, such as seeking treatment or using home remedies, there can result harmful and even terminal consequences.Another unsuitable characteristic of smartphone drill in healthcare settings is the tendency of smartphones to be distracting ( branchia, Kamath, & Gill, 2012). Smartphone usage can cause a disruption in workflow which can lead to medical errors and negligence. A study in Australia found that of 439 perfusionists surveyed, 49.2% admitted that they had sent text messages while performing a cardiopulmonary bypass (Gill, Kamath, & Gill, 2012). The hoo-ha in diligent attention to patient care caused by smartphones can present contamination, infection, and hygiene risks as well as impeding the ability of the healthcare provider to recognize potential complications or downward trends in their patients (Gill, Kamath, & Gill, 2012). In healthcare, even momentary distraction can lead to fatal consequences.Lastly, a huge problem concerning smartphones in healthcare related settings involves the usage of cameras and social media. As seen in the scenario presented, the breastfeed on duty abused her smartphone and profaned HIPAA by sending pictures of her patient to her friend via text message. concealing is extremely important in healthcare because patients are less cagey to share important information with the provider if they fear that the information could be disclosed or disseminated without consent (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Sharing pictures of a patient or any information regarding a patient without express written permission is a direct violation of HIPAA regulations and is therefore subject to the consequences set forth.Since the nurse on duty knowingly violated HIPAA by sending photos to her friend via text message, she should be investigated and penalized. As mentioned above, in a study conducted of boards of nursing, 67% of executives have encountered compla ints about nurses regarding social media (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Of those surveyed, all 67% who had complaints took disciplinary action against the responsible party (Spector & Kappel, 2012). Based on the precedent set in the previous study, the hospital should discipline the nurse in the scenario for her inappropriate behavior. Furthermore, the hospital has a legal obligation set forth by field law demanding that disciplinary action be taken when the administration becomes aware of a staff member violating HIPAA policy.Conclusion and RecommendationsBased on the information presented about HIPAA rules and regulations, the fourth conclusion is the only choice able to be deemed as ethically and legally appropriate. The fourth conclusion involves an extensive probe into the HIPAA violation by the hospital, and the implication of legal action being engage against the responsible party and the hospital. For her unsuitable behavior, the nurse at the very to the lowest degree shouldi ncur a formal investigation and write-up as well as suspension from her duties.The nurse violated HIPAA by sharing individually identifiable health information (HHS, n.d.). Legally, in the case of a violation in which the perpetrator was unknowing and would not have known even by exercising reasonable diligence, the consequence ranges from a $100 to $50,000 fine for each violation, with a maximum fine of $1.5 million for identical provisions within a calendar year (Penalties for violating HIPAA, 2014). However, in the case of the nurse in the scenario, supposed to have extensively learned the encompassment of HIPAA violations previously, the nurse likely would not be considered to be unknowing which would therefore result in more severe consequences.Furthermore, the nurse violated the Code of ethical motive for Nurses by violating her patients right to privacy. The nurse violated Provision 1 set forth by the Code stating, The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and the respect for the inherent self-worth, worth, and uniqueness of every individual (Fowler, 2010). More specifically, she violated Section 1 of Provision 1 regarding respect for human dignity (Fowler, 2010). The nurse also violated Provision 3 of the Code of Ethics which states, The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient (Fowler, 2010).Section 1 of Provision 3 regards privacy and Section 2 of Provision 3 regards confidentiality, both of which the nurse dishonored by sending a picture of her patient without his cognition (Fowler, 2010). The nurse in the scenario not on violated the law regarding HIPAA, she also violated the Code of Ethics for Nurses set forth by the American Nurses Association. In all respects, what the nurse did was ethically, morally, and legally wrong.A lot can be learned from this assignment. It is clear that the use of smartphones and social media needs to be monitored carefully by nur ses and other healthcare professionals. Any impropriety in patient privacy with smartphones or social media can become general and far-reaching in a matter of minutes. What seems small at the moment can turn into a huge ordeal involving investigations, legal implications, fines, and civil lawsuits. For that reason it is of the utmost importance to be diligent inconsidering patient privacy and HIPAA before any post made to social media or any text message sent.ReferencesFowler, M. D. (2010). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses interpretation and application. specie Spring, MD American Nurses Association. Gaggioli, A. (2012). CyberSightings. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 15(9), 512-513. doi10.1089/cyber.2012.1555 Gill P.S., Kamath A., & Gill T.S. (2012). Distraction an assessment of smartphone usage in health care work settings. Risk Manage Healthcare Policy 5(9), 105114. doi 10.2147/RMHP.S34813 Norton, A., & Strauss, L. J. (2013). Social media and health care T he pros and the cons. Journal Of Health Care Compliance, 15(1), 49-51. Retrieved from http//web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/ position/detail?sid=b614377483634d2d-b65e946988e5d7ea%40sessionmgr114&vid=36&hid=126&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=heh&AN=85287334 Perkins, N.L., & Theis, A.R. (2011). HIPAA and social networking sites A legal minefield for employers. Retrieved from http//www.aao.org/yo/newsletter/201201/article02.cfm Skram, T. (n.d.) 11 health care social media stats to turn heads. Retrieved from http//whprms.org/11-health-care-social-media-stats-to-turn-heads/ Spector, N., & Kappel D. M. (2012). Guidelines for using electronic and social media The regulatory perspective. Retrieved from http//www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-17-2012/No3-Sept-2012/Guidelines-for-Electronic-and-Social-Media.html U.S Departments of Health and Human Services. (n.d.) Summary of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. Retrieved from http //www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/summary/index.html What are the penalties for violating HIPAA? (2014). Retrieved from https//kb.iu.edu/d/ayzf Wyatt, T. & Krauskopf, P. (2012). E-health and nursing victimization smartphones to enhance nursing practice. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 16(2), 10-14. Retrieved from http//web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=b6143774-8363-4d2db65e946988e5d7ea%40sessionmgr114&vid=23&hid=126&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=rzh&AN=2011651618

“My Oedipus Complex” by Frank O’Connor Essay

In the short story, My Oedipus Complex, Frank OConnor writes of a upstart child who is hale to deal with issues of confusion and jealousy through a first mortal point of view. Through OConnors elements of facetiousness and truth, he explains how such(prenominal) issues create a sort of ironic domins effect and, in this boldness can actually bring people closer together. In the beginning, the young boy displays signs of excitement and contentment when his father arrives unexpectedly on his visits from the war. His pleasant musty smell and Santa Claus entrances and exits intrigue him. As long as his cursory routines are uninterrupted, he remains in a state of appeasement. The juvinile knows zip of the problems the mother and father are facing. He is confined to a mankind all his own.If the point of view were qualifyd in such a situation, hence the father may tell of how naive and innocentthe child is or how oblivios he is to what a horrible condition they are faced with. The plot would change drastically. If the point of view were changed to the third person objective, or dramatic point of view, then the readers would assume their own emotion which would absolutely change the measure of this short story. Other elements such as theme could also be altered if this was seen in third person. The childs feeling of repugnance toward his father could only be seen through this example first person point of view.

A Little Bit of Stress Is Useful

A petty bit of adjudicate is expedient it keeps sight in their toes. Discuss. In order to answer this question star essential first define the various elements in the question. Stress rear end be defined as The harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the ances learn do non match the capabilities, resources or necessitys of the breaker . unity evoke define usable, as reach making a some bingle happy, productive and streamlined. Also in endpoints of an government activity making it successful, efficient and effective.You should use more(prenominal) industrial words here eg producing more units Millions of battalion suffer from sample on a daily basis. Stress elicit affect a psyches physical health such(prenominal) as increased vegetable marrow rate and rise in air pressure, and roll in the hay affect a somebody mentally such as depression. This in turn for organisations can be devastating and potentially detrimental, as this can malarkey to poor industrial relations and high absenteeism, IHC estimates that 13. 4 million pastureing solar days a year ar woolly to reach.On the face of it this would suggest that strive is indeed a vainglorious thing. then a study reported in the ledger of the American Medical Association showed that those participants who experienced chronic high dialect on the vocation had a considerably greater chance of ugly a nonher heart attack than did those in less nerve-wracking jobs. more everyplace on that point were umpteen cases in world war one of sharp deaths to soldiers who had non endured any wounds, these men probably died of shock when responding to distort.In 1967 Holmes and Rahe carried extinct a study now called the examine scale where they looked at 5,000 aesculapian patients medical records as a way to determine specifically which tensionful events caused illnesses, in hierarchical order from the most stressful events to the least. Death of a spouse topped the list followed by, divorce, martial separation and a toss sentence. All these events atomic number 18 intrinsically negative and as such it would be easy to conclude that stress is bad for anyone as it is caused by bad events.However Hooshmand conversely states that stress is just another misunderstood term in the medical practice he goes on to say that the devise any stress is bad (is) nothing further from the truth. Indeed Lazarus quotes how Hans Selyve suggested twain types (of stress) distress and eustress. Distress is the destructive stress illustrated by enkindle and aggression and it is said to damage health. Eustress is the constructive type, illustrated by emotions associated with emphatic concerns for others ompatible with or protective of good health This is significant, according to Selyve and Lazarus there is, as mentioned above, a distress type of stress which is bad- this is where there is too much stress. For vitrine if a manager were to gi ve a deadline which was impossible this may over stimulate and de motivate an employee causing them to do no work. But besides mentioned is a eustress type of stress which can be check overn as recyclable and healthy keeping people on their toes.This would be where there argon small amounts of stress for casing if a manager was to set a strict precisely reasonable deadline it may push the employee on to work harder, stimulating an increasing the employees energy levels to meet the challenge . This shall be mentioned in more detail later on in the essay. Although Lazarus goes on to mention that this hypothesis has not been adequately supported. by empirical research there is other evidence to support this claim of eustress. In 1908 Robert M.Yerkes and J. D. Dodson created an existential relationship between implementation and pressure, now known as Yerkes-Dodson jurisprudence . The law shows that performance actually increases with pressure i. e. stress the eustress that Sely ve went on about, but only up to a point. When levels of pressure become too high, performance decreases, this is known as distress. The process is illustrated graphically as a rounded, modify U-shaped curve which increases and then decreases with higher levels of pressure.Clearly according to this law one wants to reach the best stress levels which is small amounts of stress to keep one on its toes but not too much as this could lead to depression and potentially heart problems. It is now important to look at specifically how eustress can support and be healthy for you. From Yerkes-Dodson Law it would not be unreasonable to suggest that eustress is basically stress in small, not large amounts. Leitnerpg states that according to Allen 1983 eustress represents challenge and stimulation for healthy growth and discipline this would suggest that eustress stress gives you the competitive edge roviding you with focus and determination. There argon many examples above of stressors lik ely to produce distress such as divorce but Leitner mentions stressors which produce eustress such as roller coasters and ski It is important to note that people are actually paying for these stressors, then they can be considered useful stresses. Some people even elaborate on the excitement of stresses this can be best shown in adrenaline junkies, as they seek activities that increase their hormone adrenaline production. Examples of these stress seekers accommodate racing car drivers, politicians and bungee jumpers.It is well known that many employees impart leave there work to the last minute they need the stress and adrenaline to get their work done, if there is no stress it is presumable this work would never be done. Indeed it is possible to have stressors which can cause both eustress and distress such as exercise, which can be considered a eustress, but when overdone can lead to injuries and illness. Selye points out that whether an bodily function produces eustress or distress depends on the participants perception of the action mechanism this can be supported by a quote from Shakespeare things are n any good nor bad, but thinking makes them so .Indeed everyone is several(predicate) when dealing with stress whether stress is good or bad for soulfulness depends on that person. This can be supported by Type A and B spirit theory created in the 1950s . This puts people into two groups . Type A people are according to Friedman, M. & Rosenman impatient, excessively time-conscious, unfixed about their status, highly competitive, hostile aggressive, and incapable of comfort . They established a link between type A people and coronary heart disease later analysing data from thousands of people who had beforehand been placed into either type A or Type B group.Whilst type B people are almost the opposite of type A people, relaxed in reputation with no sense of time urgency and less comfortably stressed. Quote The above evidence would suggest that the amount of stress does not matter to a great extent but what does is the type of person as, according to this theory there are two types of people, type A personalities testament deal worse with stress than type B personalities. It would not be unreasonable to suggest that a small amount of stress for type B personalities maybe good for that person ensuring they are focussed and have more of a sense of time urgency, however the analogous amount of stress mposed on a type A personality could caused aggravation, anxiety and maybe even heart problems. Indeed some employers will look for employees who not only can naturally deal with stress but actually flourish on it. An example of this can be given of Alan Sugar who makes it clear in the program the apprentice that he is looking for people who can deal with stressful situations by scrutiny them as part of the recruitment process . An essential part of the recruitment procedure is to be able to keep your nerve and defend yours elf in the public forum of the board room, an artificially created stressful environment.In this day and age there is bound to be stress due to the nature of work and the fast moving environment around us, it is how we deal with this stress which can determine whether this stress is useful or not. Yerkes-Dodson Law dictates that if there is too much stress this can reduce the performance of the individual, therefore it is sometimes important for the individual to be able to reduce this stress in order to produce optimal performance. Indeed Ward states that in learning to manage stress effectively you may come to recall that the experiences of stressful periods may become beneficial to you. There are many different ways of dealing with stress and how well you deal with stress will determine how it affects you. A person can exercise to help reduce stress, exercise creates a sense of confidence and control, which reduces stress this does not mean just occasional exercise but exercise on a daily basis if possible. Exercise analogously directly leads to relaxation of the body which can help reduce stress. Having the required sleeping hours is also vital, this will refresh yourself making you feel better the next aurora and ready for work.If one does not have the required sleeping hours unavoidable it can lead to tiredness which can lead directly to stress. So far mainly people and employees have been looked upon, it is important to look at how organisations as a whole deal with stress and if they find it useful or not. Organisations are becoming more and more aware of the splendor of stress and its impact on employees. Ward mentions some ways in which companies are taking action to combat stress more are referring employees for health and fitness tests. Others are running stress management courses and providing stress counselling for employees .In view of this one can clearly see how important stress is in organisations. Some partnerships thrive on stress t hese mainly seem to be monetary orientated organisations. Who are and need to be extremely competitive with other similar organisations, this stress pushes the organisation on to its limits increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the caller. It is not uncommon nowadays for organisations to deliberately impose stress on employees this can be done by paying employees with high commissions, meaning they are not guaranteed money at all.Some employees actually savor this stress, they enjoy the challenge and the buzz. Indeed this can be directly linked to job satisfaction. Other organisations in the health playing field such as hospitals try to reduce stress, as they feel any stress imposed on patients could be dangerous, one of the things they do to reduce stress is painting the hospital walls green as it is proven that green is a low stress colour can decrease stress. Clearly in the health field stress is deemed as bad but maybe in the financial field stress is seen as use ful pushing on the company to success.Thus the usefulness of stress depends upon which type of organisation its for. obviously though too much stress in a financial organisation can cause absenteeism which will ultimately lose the company money. To conclude with regards to organisations as a whole, it just depends on the type of organisation to how useful stress is. In terms of individuals, small amounts of stress which Selye describes as eustress can help keep people on their toes, keeping them think and acting as a stimulant, pushing them on to work. However it can completely depend on the person.A Type A person may not be able to take that stress and quite of keeping them on their toes may cause panic and anxiety. Nonetheless, in express this, as Yerkes-Dodson law dictates some stress is needed to achieve optimum performance and give people a challenge, which increases job satisfaction. Thus it would be accurate to conclude that a little bit of stress is useful it keeps peop le on their toes. You would improve the structure if you cross reference more eg when you are talking about how stress needs to be in the right quantity, it might be helpful if you mention that later on you will be talking about how stress an be controlled. If you need to add any more you could talk further about the work life balance ie however stressful the job internationalist activities are essential A further element you could talk about when discussing different personalities is that what is stressful for some is not for others. A good example might be of mothers who stay at home and look after children for some this is v stressful and for others it is an ideal environment. You could also add an international dimension eg in France there is huge job security and overnight holidays (I think) in America holidays are short and there is v little job security

Impact of External and Internal Factors on the Four Functions of Management

Impact of External and Internal Factors on the Four Functions of heed External and internal factors such as globalization, technology, entry, sort and morals hobo greatly match the four functions of trouble. Functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling slew be influenced by these different internal and outdoor(a) factors since arrangements read to reckon that they atomic number 18 addressed properly for business achiever. In addition, knowing the external and internal factors helper faces in identifying the business risks that exist in the surroundings in which they operate.This paper will focus on linked panache, a non-profit residential atomic number 18a-based makeup that was initi wholey found in communities, large and small, across the join States. Globalization Globalization has invoked extensive debate over its impact and believability, natural endowment rise to a number of perspectives. Indeed increased globalization has prompted s carce economic taketh around the world. It has led to job opportunities in do the products that ar ex c beend with different countries. This has produced specialization and comparative advantage.The power of extraneous competition has encouraged domestic industries to innovate and it has allowed resources to flow to their highest character as well. Further, globalization is the process that increased the link and interdependence of the world market places and businesses. It is a route of interaction and integration of the flock, companies, and governments of different nations, a process motivated by international trade and investment and aided by education technology. The volume of world trade has increased due to globalization.Consequently, more jobs ar being available to people and consumers all over the world be enjoying a wider selection of products made from different countries. Today, united air does non wholly serve in strengthening families, helping children a nd youth, and building stronger communities locally. parenthesis from its 1300 local organizations in the States, it has in addition 3000 organizations in 47 countries. Due to globalization, unite route is able to tap non only the local communities moreover the international communities as well.The organization is able to help other nations by dint of unify musical mode International. As of 2008, fall in way of life International started late unite counsels in some parts of India, Brazil, Peru, France, Argentina and Johannesburg, southmost East Asia, Latin America and South Africa. ( fall in focussing International, 2008). United appearance raises sources through donations to be able to help people in take in different countries. Globalization has indeed impacted the four functions of United Way way since the organization now needs to consider growing the budget and business plans for a global organization.United Ways creative activity Committee discusses chall enges of what may come up during this process. The committee chooses members that will wangle the board and hires the director and the first of all trouble team who will spear-point during the changes due to globalization. Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization that serves a bigger world need to implement changes in its conventional way of doing things to en authoritative that the alike(p) tincture services are provided in all the countries that it serves. engineering engineering impacts management and business decisions on binary levels.During the December 1999 Conference of the Alliance for noncommercial Management, Executive Director Roni Posner evidences Technology is the backbone of management and organizational effectiveness. It equips people with data and in dramatis personaeation that merchantman be then synthesized into learning and association and, this knowledge is what gives organizations more powerful voices in, and greater impact on, community changethe ultimate goal of nonprofit capacity building. (Osten, 2001, para. 1). The United Way implements proficient plans to remain competitive with fundraising and reckoning, volunteer management and community services.To improve management of accounting and fundraising practices, nearly 200 United Way organizations are opting to use sage parcels MIP bloodline Accounting application (Sage Software, 2005). MIP Fund Accounting is designed to ease reporting and transaction management for nonprofits. With this ashes, graph of accounts are easily created with transaction tracking capabilities. Reports are generated in spite of appearance the broadcast and reporting cycles are significantly shortened by hours or crimson days. MIP Fund Accounting is user-friendly and easy-to-learn, with grouped tasks according to accounting functions (Sage MIP fund accounting, n. . ). In addition to incorporating technology to manage multiple account funds, United Way is phraseing ne w technologies to garner donor contributions. Donations are the economic capital United Way relies on to provide look services in their respective communities. Thus, United Way must be creative in its pursuits to compete with other nonprofits for this income stream. One viable firmness was the creation of the United eWay Consortium. The consortium, founded by Phoenixs Valley of the solarise United Way, allows participating United Way agencies to create customized Web settles for online pledging.This system eliminates the use of paper pledges and makes donation tracking effortless for both United Way organizations and gifting firms (Wallace, 2001). Cash donations are not the only gifts call for by United Way to meet its organizational goals. Human resource donations or volunteers are a significant portion of the United Way createforce. Technology was again utilized by the nonprofit to meet managerial needs. A local United Way agency in Indiana launched an online matchmaking si te to connect volunteers with giving opportunities.Volunteer Solutions is a medium used by area helping agencies to post their volunteer openings on the site. Potential volunteers register on the site and search for possible positions by their zip figure, area of refer or agency name. When a match is found, volunteers are then notified. During the first week of its inception, Volunteer Solutions matched approximately 40 volunteers to local nonprofits (Davis, 2003). Not only does the United Way use technology to enhance business operations, the nonprofit also employs technology to better serve its constituents. United Way of metropolitan Atlanta and its partnerspiloted an electronic benefits calculator, a tool that streamlines the eligibility and enrollment process for federal, state and community benefits (United Way of America, n. d. , pg. 11). Over a two-year period, awards for benefits increased by $453,000. Technology is an essential tool used by United Way to increase efficie ncy and allocation of resources, generate donor contributions and expand community services. Without the use of technology, United Way and its benefactors would not reap the benefits of its continued conquest as a dominant nonprofit organization.Innovation Innovation is great for an organization to succeed in its endeavor. For a non-profit organization like United Way, innovation is significant in order to find more ways to help and serve communities in need better. Innovation can greatly impact the four functions of management since innovation needs to be considered in all functions of management to improve and advance the ways and means of United Way in serving people. smorgasbord Diversity is variety of something, such as opinion, race, color, style and or gender (Diversity, 2008, n. . ) In order for a troupe or organization to be diverse it needs to value diversity by respecting and appreciating all aspects of an individual, including race, gender, religion, skin color, natio nality, sexual orientation, gender identity, physical abilities, age, enate status to name a few. That is what The United Way of America stands on and strives for. United Way is built up of all different walks of life-time and in order for the non-profit organization to be able to strive eitherone must be able to get along and work well with severally other.To make sure the organization stays diverse, United Way of America has formed a Diversity Cabinet to eliminate discrimination. United Way is made up of all types of individuals from every walk of life to form their cabinets, their volunteers and their customers. United Ways Core Value statement is Diversity and Inclusion are core set for United Way. We aspire every segment of the community in every aspect of our work and to endorse our commitment to and duty for an inclusive environment in which differences are recognized, respected, cherished and celebrated (United Way, 2008, n. . ). United Way also feels that its inclus ive and diverse organization gives the organization the opportunity to actively live and achieve its mission and values to attract, develop and return more diverse talent. It also helps the organization to grow and broaden its base of support from volunteers, donors and other stakeholders. Diversity also helps the United Way to model, facilitate and lead the collaborative efforts needed to make changes in community conditions. It is also a way to become innovative and develop better solutions leading to better performance and results.In addition, diversity enhances the organizations reputation and brand in the philanthropic community and global market place (Live United, 2008, n. p. ). United Way does not care if an individual is individual who wants to be a volunteer or one of the organizationboards/committees or someone who needs the help. United Way is here to help. morality cipher of Ethics in any organization is extremely important. Code of ethics deals with organizational v alues and principles and behaviors on what is and is not acceptable.It helps to ensure people are treated equally and justly in all matters. United Way does pretend Code of ethics and it may differ according to separately location. However all communities in which the organization is located is governed by the overall America Code of ethics that United Way has set forwards (United Way of America Code of Ethics Guide, 2004). United Way code of ethics was created and discussed amongst the employees and volunteers and believe these codes will help the organization through the work that is encompassed each day.United Way code of ethics is based on core values which are integrity, impact, volunteerism, inclusiveness and catalytic leadership In addition, the organization believes that the staff will be able to make great decisions that are legal and binding when ethical codes are set forth. Code of Ethics from United Way Association (UWA) (United Way of America Code, 2004) also ensure s individualised and lord integrity. UWA is motivated in performance to meet the mission. In addition, UWA believes discourse is a powerful source when used efficaciously. Equal Opportunity is other important factor governed under the Code of Ethics.UWA believes conflict of interest could bring low the organization and should refrain from personal gain to include gifts that does not fix to the mission. To include, UWA no one should be family affiliated or dating within the organization because it is believed that it regards the appearance of impartiality. Confidentiality and privacy is believed to be handled at a professional level in the UWA organization by respecting the privacy rights of individuals and to make sure information is not disclosed. United Way is committed to the highest ethical standards. It has an financial obligation to everyone to act ethically at all times.United Way believes that its continued success comes from everyone affiliated with the organizatio n who lives by the code of ethics. United Way came up with their code of ethics by collaborating with their employees, volunteers and anyone else with interest (United Way of America Code, 2004). guardianship an organization to a high ethical standard will evermore set the organization apart from other organizations. The United Way is such a highly reputable organization due to the implementation of its code of ethics. Delegation in Managing the Impacts of External and Internal FactorsManagers can use mission to manage the impact that the factors have on the four functions of management by ensuring that the process of delegation is done well. One person can not run the show all on his/her own. Delegation plays a commodious role in getting the job done successfull. In order to make this happen there must be a fire up plan of action. All parties have to be informed as to what duties they are responsible for and how those duties must be carried out. there must be limpidity that s upports how the responsibilities will be completed and if support from other team members is needed for that completion.These things must bediscussed in the planning and or organization stages. There has to be contingency plans and structure to any project in which a manager is delegating responsibilities. Delegation of responsibilities, projects, duties or tasks can be a double-edged sword. In order for a manager to manage effectively it has to be used with finesse. The parties that a manager delegates tasks should be responsible and trustworthy. spot it is not always possible to do so, it is important to implement accountability to each team responsible for every task.Delegation will only work if the manager who is delegating also does his/her job properly. Follow-up and constructive feedback is important for the delegation process to be effective. Conclusion The external and internal factors can indeed impact the four functions of management. As observed in the United Way organi zation, globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics can affect planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of its organization. objet dart globalization has helped United Way in serving other countries in need it has also impacted the four functions of management. Considerations now need to be done in a larger scale.The four functions of management have to be done in a global scale with the same standards as the organization has locally. Technology impacts the four functions of management on multiple levels. Proper planning on what technology to use, organizing the people who needs to head the use of new technologies, leading and controlling the people who will be involved in the use of different technologies need to be considered. If these are not done, the effectiveness of the technologies that the organization uses may not be fully maximized. Innovation impacts the four functions of management since innovation needs to be considered in ll functions of managem ent to improve and advance the ways and means of United Way in serving people. Diversity can also impact the functions of management since most organizations like United Way has diverse employees that can affect the decisions that are involved in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of its organization. Ethics can also impact the four functions of management since an organization cannot create good credibility without acceptable code of ethics. Thus, it is essential that internal and external factors are considered when victimisation the four functions of management.References Davis, A. M. (2003, August 18). Technology connects volunteers local United Way launches online matchmaking service. capital of Indiana Business Journal, 24(23), 3, 60. Retrieved phratry 14, 2008, from Gale PowerSearch database. Diversity. (2008). In Encarta World English Dictionary Online. Retrieved phratry 14, 2008 from Live United United Way Diversity and inclusion. (2008). Retrieved September 14, 2008 from Osten, M. (2001, May). Technology and nonprofit management Themes from the conference of the alliance for nonprofit management. Nonprofit Online News.Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http//news. gilbert. org/features/featureReader$3842? print-friendly=true Sage MIP fund accounting. (n. d. ) In Sage Software. Retrieved September, 14, 2008, from http//www. sagenonprofit. com/products/fundaccount/ Sage Software continues to attract United Way organizations. (2005, August-September). The National Public Accountant, 4(4), 19. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from Gale PowerSearch database. United Way International. 2008. Official website of United Way International. Retrieved September 14, 2008 from http//uwint. org/devfinal/ United Way of America. n. d. ). Goals for the common good The United Way challenge to America. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http//www. liveunited. org/goals/upload/UW_Common_Good. pdf United Way of America Code of Ethics Guide. (2004). In United W ay. Retrieved September 14, 2008 from United Way United Way of Greater Los Angeles Creating Pathways divulge of Poverty. (2008). In United Way Los Angeles. Retrieved September 14, 2008 from Wallace, N. (2001, April 5). Technology New online pickax for United Ways. Chronicle of Philanthropy, 13(12), 36. Retrieved September 13, 2008, from EBSCOhost database.

Neuroanatomy Paper Essay

The limbic outline is a diverse collecting of cortical and subcortical regions that argon crucial for normal human style (Martin, 2003). According to Martin (2003), nineteenth century neurologist and anatomist recognized that damage to feature parts of the human brain were associated with disorders of emotion and memory these lesions , unlike those of the cerebellum, occipital lobe, or cortical regions around the central sulcus, for example, spared perception and movement. This research lure to the under(a)standing that the neural systems of emotions, nurture and memory, and their interconnections, are grouped into a iodine system, called the limbic system. Based on Martin (2003), brain structures for emotions, learning and memory yield been conserved throughout more of the vertebrate evolution, reflecting the common and fundamental acquire for these functions. The diverse functions of the limbic system include important roles in learning and memory and in emotions and t heir behavioral and visceral consequences. According to Martin (2003), many of the structures gravel a C-shaped configuration the limbic system has three C-shaped components (1) the limbic joining intellectual cortex, (2) the hippocampal establishment and fornix, (3) and part of the amygdala (bed of stria terminalis) and the stria terminalis. Hippocampal circuits are act in consolidating explicit memories, such as the conscious recollection of facts, and in forming spatial memories the hippocampal formation works closely with adjoining entorrhinal cortex, so much so that the two are functionally inseparable (Martin, 2003). According to Martin (2003), these structures ask in complex sensory and cognitive information from the limbic association cortex damage to the hippocampal formation or entorrhinal cortex, depending on the extent, weed result in severe and pervasive anterograde amnesia.As Martin stated, in this form of amnesia, impairments blow over in semantic memory, such as knowledge of facts, people, and objects, including new playscript meaning, and the episodic memory of events that guard a specific spatial and temporal role context, such meeting a friend last week and by contrast, patients with hippocampal damage are capable of remembering procedures and actions (i.e., implicit or non-declarative memory), and they hold open the capacity for a variety of simple forms of learning and memory. The output neurons of the hippocampal formation are pyramidal neurons, similar to the neocortex covering most of the cerebral hemisphere, and they are located in the hippocampus and subiculum (Martin, 2003). Two output systems can be distinguished within the fornix, from the subiculum and the hippocampus although these systems are involved in the cognitive aspects of learning and memory, it is not yet understood how their functions differ. The innervations of the limbic system by the major neurotransmitter regulatory systems appear to be particularly impo rtant for normal thoughts, moods, and behaviors. This conclusion is based on the observation that many of the drugs use to treat psychiatric illness the disorders of thought, such as schizophrenia, and of mood, such as depression and anxiety selectively affect one of the neurotransmitters systems this neurotransmitter system have direct and widespread connections with the limbic system (Martin, 2003). Pyramidal cells of the entorhinal cortex move their axons to the dentate gyrus to synapses on granule cells, which is the perforrant pathway. Based on Martin (2003), it is not cognize how the myriad connections of the entorhial cortex and hippocampal formation are organized to play a role in memory consolidation however, an important clue exists the strong point of many synapses in the hippocampal formation can be modified under various experimental conditions. The amygdala has three major divisions, which collectively are involved in emotions and their behavioral expression the b asolateral nuclei, the central nuclei, and the corticomedal nucleiReferencesMartin, J. H. (2003). Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas. bracing York McGraw-Hill Professional.

Deontology Should Govern Decision Making in Business

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. Decision make in argument 2 3. Characteristics of deontology . 3 4. Arguments in favour of applying deontology in business 4 5. Arguments against applying deontology in business 6. decision 9 References 9 Deontology should govern decision reservation in business. Discuss. 1. Introduction Boylan (2000 2) refers to groovys as the science concerning the undecomposed and wrong of human meet. Teleology and deontology ar the two major(ip) schools of thought that dominate honorable decision- fashioning in the condition of business.Teleology refers to consequences and is founded on the principle of utility maximisation. This concept judges behaviour by its effects on the overall welf be of all s driveholders. Deontology, on the opposite(a) hand, views consequences as stakeary. Under this philosophy, decisions and acts be evaluated in terms of their intrinsic worth. Deontology is much demanding than teleology, because it rates decisions a nd acts in absolute terms. For example, even if a decision or action satisfies the rule of the majority, deontology would reject that articular option if, as a result of it, a minority of stakeholders atomic number 18 homogeneously to suffer. 2. Decision devising in business When business firms are charged with infractions, and when there is lawful investigation on the managers of those firms, there is a concern raised closely deterrent example behavior in business. Hence, the level of trust, which is adept of the foundations of the business environment, is threatened. In fact, managers often have to make decisions under economic, professional and social pressure. The decision- make bear on impart always present ethical challenges. Is this the right thing to do?This question is the essence of the ethical dilemma for any decision shaper in todays corporations. A collection of factors depart be taken in thoughtfulness in answering to this question. Is it right for the p ut together? Is it right for the shareholders? Is it right for the hostel? For the customers? For the decision maker himself? Indeed, business spate have many a(prenominal) sources of ethical theories to choose from when making decisions. Each honourable system fall outs a unique perspective on different situations. Managers and business sufferers use these guidelines to act in fair and socially responsible ways.The fusee rules about which a decision maker will divvy up are therefore highly dependent on the moral begin. 3. Characteristics of deontology Deontology animals itself on the intrinsic worth of the decision or act. No allowance is made for wrong conduct under this philosophy. A business manager, who accepts deontology, will hold that some(prenominal) moral principles are binding, regardless of the consequences. Deontological morality is the opposite of consequential moral philosophy. The moral person does his vocation regardless of the consequences.If a mana ger takes a deontological approach to ethics, he defines his job by asking What is the world(a) principle to be followed? Deontological ethics refers to an established source of ethics guidance, such as diligence standard or an official code of company conduct. In fact, Immanuel Kant beautiful deontological ethics and posited that the disposition of morality is to do 1s duty even when we are not inclined to do it, and not because we are afraid of the consequences of not doing it. Kant referred to deontology as the categorical jussive mood.Under this principle, a moral jussive mood must be categorical or absolute, providing a lasting power to adopt a particular course of action, categorized as right or ethical. The rationale skunk the principle of deontology is that each action has intrinsic worth and unconditional value. Ferrell et al. (2008) refer to deontology as non-consequentialism, ethical formalism, or ethics of respect-for-persons. The principle of deontology state s that decisions should be judged on the circum attitudes in which they are made, rather than by their consequences.Deontology is the study of duty. In philosophy, it core specifically ethics ground on duty regardless of consequences. Deontological ethics refers to rules stated in terms of other features of the courses of action, notably whether they represent fulfillment of an agreement or other duty or right, and/or involve the interactment of others with collectible respect. Since human beings have free will and thus are subject to act from laws infallible by designer, Kant believed they have dignity or a value beyond price. Thus, wholeness human being foundationnot use another(prenominal) entirely to satisfy his or her own interests.This is the core insight behind Kants second facial expression of the categorical imperative Always treat the humanity in a person as an end and never as a means merely. What are the implications of this formulation of the categorical imp erative for business? 4. Arguments in favour of applying deontology in business The deontological theory states that flock should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. This means that the person will take into consideration his obligations to other people involved and the edict at large when winning a decision thus fulfilling his duty which is considered ethically correct.A deontologist will never break a promise made to other parties. He will never to do something that is against the law. Thus a deontologist will be real consistent in his decision making which will be based on duty of the soul. Deontology provides the basis for special duty towards other individuals like your family members. For example, older children have a special duty of protection and care for their younger siblings, in the absence of parents older children are expected to take due care of the younger ones preventing them in doing things that may cause hurt to themselve sDeontology also praises those who do an act of supererogation this is when someone exceeds his duties and obligations towards other persons or the society at large. For example, in case of a cease in a building, someone may go inside the building on flack risking his own life to save the lives of others. His duty would have been to call the fire services where fireman are equipped to handle this situation except if instead of waiting for the firemen , he exceeds his duty by saving other people himself. It should be pointed out that the respect for persons principle does not revoke commercial transactions.No one is used as merely a means in a voluntary economic exchange where both parties benefit. What this formulation of the categorical imperative does do is to put some constraints on the nature of economic transactions. Another concern about contemporary business make out is the extent to which employees have very limited knowledge about the personal business of the company . In an economic view, a Kantian approach to business ethics terminology, there is high information asymmetry in the midst of management and the employees.Wherever one side has information that it keeps from other side, there is a severe enticement for abuse of power and deception. A Kantian would look for ways to cast down the information asymmetry between management and employees. In practical terms, a Kantian would endorse the practice known as open discussion management. The adoption of practices like open book management would go farthest toward correcting the asymmetrical information that managers possess, a situation that promotes abuse of power and deception. open up book management lso enhances employee self-respect. For a Kantian, meaningful work * is freely chosen and provides opportunities for the worker to exercise autonomy on the job * supports the autonomy and moderateness of human beings work that lessens autonomy or that undermines rationality is immoral * p rovides a salary sufficient to exercise independence and provide for physical eudaimonia and the satisfaction of some of the workers desires * enables a worker to step-up rational capacities and * does not interfere with a workers moral development. . Arguments against applying deontology in business Management, by rendering, is the planning, leading, organizing and controlling available imagerys to achieve goals and objectives. Hence, one of the basic functions of management, controlling, is according to Harold Koontz, the measurement and correction of performance in order to make sure that enterprise objectives and the plans devised to attain them are accomplished. Consequently, it is largely based on outcomes and accountability of the business.Managers are therefore required to be responsible towards achieving their objectives and one of the ways to achieve this is by analyzing whether their actions are in line with expected outcomes and henceforth modify their future deci sion making process accordingly. In fact, this function is considered as one of the fundamental scene of management and deriving from this will give rise to a major shortcoming in management decisions. Relying on universalism and good will of managers will not be enough in management decision making to achieve the vision, goals and objectives set by the organisation.Deontology requires that managers decisions be based on duty instead of consequences and must be followed for its own sake irrespective of the outcome. such stance is considered as inflexible. It should be noted that norms vary from culture to culture, society to society and even people to people. Consequently having a rigid stance in respect of decisions may not be the best chess opening for managers. The definition of right and wrong will depend on the culture, individual or historical period.Decisions taken in particular societies might be considered as ethical while in others as non-ethical. In this context, it is easier to deduct why, when faced with the requirement to select a model of how we ought to live our lives, many people choose the idea of ethical relativism, where that ethical principles are outlined by the traditions of their society, their personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment. The idea of relativism implies some form of flexibility as opposed to strict black-and-white rules.From this perspective, it is better for managers to base their decision as a result of interactions with individuals and social institutions. Moreover, by definition an organization comprise a group of people with common objectives. No organization would be able to survive without its people such as owners who risk their money in the business, employees who provide the mental and physical efforts required for successful working of the business or managers who are involved in the daily operations of the organization.Managers know that without its people there wont be any organizatio n. Hence, recognizing the stakes of such stakeholders is sometimes fundamental for the excerption of the company. Sticking to a rule based approach as proposed by deontology might not help in certain cases where human resource for instance is involved. Care based-theorists seek solutions to ethical challenges on a single basis. To do otherwise means applying a blunt instrument across all situations (Hovland & Wolburg, 2012).They recognize that their approach requires stepping out of a comfort partition of infallible rules, but because it is grounded in human relationships, their approach is more seeming to find solutions based on fairness (Hovland & Wolburg, 2012). Care-based theorists assume that humans are interdependent and need others for survival (Tronto 1993), that moral reason involves the interplay between emotions and reason (Noddings 2003 Held 1993), and that moral solutions must work for people within the context in which they live (Slattery et al. n press). In 1970, Nobel Prize winning economist, Milton Friedman published an expression under the provocative title The social responsibility of business is to increase shekels where he posited that the managers fiduciary responsibility is to make profits since it is the main(prenominal) reason behind the setting up of firms. He added that distancing from such objectives would simply mean a theft towards shareholders(Crane and Matten 2004).Hence, he vigorously favoured the philosophy that firms should only aim towards profit maximizing and any other responsibility can only be considered if firms achieve their main objective. If we look at the ethical egoism principle which stipulates that it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be chastely right that it maximize ones self-interest, we can see that there is link between these two philosophies. Egoism differs in content from deontological theories such as Kantianism which give weight to the interests of others (Stanford Encyclopedia, 2012 ).Abiding to deontology in decision making and favouring any other considerations than that of the shareholders own interests would simply mean drawing away from ethical egoism and hence would considered as a theft out of their pocket. On the other hand, Edward Freeman, who was one of the founding fathers of the stakeholder theory, challenged the idea of Friedman that the main responsibility of business was to maximize profits without any considerations for the interests of all those affected by the business, including customers, suppliers, employees, and, of course, stockholders.There are two principles key the stakeholder theory (Crane and Matten 2004) * Principle of corporate rights which requires that a corporation should not queer the rights of others to achieve theirs and * Principle of corporate effect which requires that business should be accountable of the effect or impact on other parties. However, if we analyze the second principle, it is clear that it is drawn from th e utilitarianism philosophy which considers morality on the basis of consequences of actions and the maximization of good to all sections of the society (Greenwood and De Cieri, 2005).Based on this principle of corporate effect, making decisions only on a sense of duty or universal principles may not necessarily give rise to the greatest good to the greatest number of parties and will be in contradiction to the Stakeholder Theory. 6. Conclusion The perceived weaknesses of deontological theories have lead some scholars to consider how to eliminate or at least reduce those weaknesses while preserving deontologys advantages. One way to do this is to embrace both consequentialism and deontology, combining them into some kind of a commingle theory.Given the differing notions of rationality underlying each kind of theory, this is however a challenging task. References Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Center for the Study of Language and Information, StanfordUniversity, Stanford,CA9 4305 http//www. bio. davidson. edu/people/kabernd/indep/carainbow/Theories. htm http//atheism. about. com/od/ethicalsystems/a/Deontological. htm http//www. ehow. com/about_6686029_role-business-ethics-decision- king. htmlixzz2AatMlvUJ

Acct451 Week 3

Companies Should not be Held Liable for Losses Sustained in a Successful blow Made on Their AIS by Outside Sources. ACCT451 2013 I argue against the direction Companies should not be held liable for losses sustained in a successful attack made on their AIS by outside sources. at that place atomic number 18 several reasons for my contention. The Accounting Information Systems has been used by tradees to reform their recording, processing, and reporting of write up administration training.At the same time it is the duty of the companies to adequately foster their study governing bodys from outside sources. Since, the company benefits and consequently profits from the use of accounting system information system, it should break the losses that arise from attacks on the accounting information system. The argument in favor of the contention is that the accounting information system not only processes financial transactions to provide internal reports to managers precisel y also does external reporting to outside interpreteries such as stockowners, political science and lenders.Since, it is essential that the accounting information system should be get toed by outsiders the system is particularly vulnerable to outside attacks (1). Still the onus of the security department of its accounting information system clearly lies with the company and not with anyone else. It is a part of the business risk of a company. Consider the following example, a company maintains five distribution centers throughout the country. Each of these distribution centers may be attacked by robbers and looted. Who bears the loss?It is part of the business risk. The company cannot refuse to bear the losses. Similarly, if a company truck carrying goods to or from the company premises is attacked by robbers and is plundered, the company is responsible for the loss. It is another matter that the company may condition out an insurance and the insurance company makes good the los ses. However, the accompaniment remains that the company pays premium for insurance and had t tote upher been no insurance, the company would mystify been forced to pay for the losses (2).The current accounting information systems put to work tremendous benefits to companies. These generate several types of useful reports for the company, the company does not direct to employ clerks to manually process accounting data, with a touch of a button information is generated, there are tremendous savings in costs, there is automatic payment and generation of all important(predicate) accounting documents, and there is might in processing information. These benefits reduce costs for the companies and improve efficiency but come at a cost.One of the elements of the cost is that the accounting information system may be attacked from outside sources. Since the company enjoys these benefits, it must wound the costs ( loss because of outside attack). A firm whose fightehouses get done f or(p) by hurricanes do not absolve themselves of their losses because the hurricane is an outside source. Similarly, during war the premises of a firm may get bombed or hit by a missile, yet the company has to bear the loss (3). If an accounting information system is hit by outside sources there is a danger of fraud, virus attacks, or hackers.These risks have to be borne by the business as a part of its normal business risks. Further it is the responsibility of the company to maintain the highest level of security for its accounting information system. The physical security should be fool proof, authentication system should be the intimately advanced, virus protection should be the latest, and backup should be done at a safe place outside the premises. Such measures are compulsory to ensure that attacks on the accounting information system like identity operator theft and loss of irreplaceable data do not look at place.There are some institutions that are particularly vulnerabl e to outside attacks. For instance, the banks are vulnerable to outside attacks where the attackers seek to pilfer money using hole-and-corner(a) information. In such cases, higher levels of authentication, and information security should be used. The fact that banks and financial institutions provide accounting information system based services, is a source of profits, these institutions are responsible for losses sustained by them (4).One of the roughly important features of most accounting information systems is the controls over the system and the security measures that the company implements If the company is not held responsible for the losses sustained by it because of outside attacks the company will avoid its responsibility for controls and security. It is also important that the quality of software used, the backup of data, and the people who are authorized to access the accounting information system are checked and tested.If the company is not held responsible for losse s because of outside attacks the company will become informal in its essential functions related to the accounting information system. References (1)Accounting Information Systems, Ulric J. Gelinas, Richard B. damp E8 Cengage Learning, 2009 (2)Accounting Information Systems James A. Hall E6, Cengage Learning, 2008 (3)Accounting Information Systems Marshall B. Romney, Paul toilet Steinbart E10, Prentice Hall, 2005 (4)Information System Management, Ankita Bansal, Gyan Publishing House, 2002

The Benefits and Hinderance of Assessments

Appraisal in particular steering involves tole stationing breeding and doing dinner dress or informal opinions about kids s forward motion and sciences, including countries for farther development. The chief facets that argon unremarkably assessed in kids s larning include cognition, apprehension, accomplishments, way, attitudes and values in relation to the subject field Curriculum ( Wragg, 2001 ) . sound judgement is ingrown(prenominal)ed as it throne unearth of minute education. For illustration, it goat perspective library pastes in kids s scholarship and where support may be required, provision tuition that dissolve be sh ard with parents, inform instructor s supplying and teaching manner and bespeak the effectivity of instills. However, this is non an inclusive incline and there are other ingrained grounds why judgment is required, which sh wholly be beef up throughout this treatment. We shall concentrate on judgement schemes and how this inform ation is utilized in suspicious this go forth be cross indite with my experience in school.We leave get down by researching summational estimation schemes. This is everyhow realizen as Assessment of Learning ( AOL ) and is an epitome of the judgement to day of the month, which occurs at the margininal of the twelvemonth or closing of survey. Examples of summational appraisals include the Foundation grade Profile ( FSP ) , Standards Assessment Tests ( SATS ) and formal instructor appraisals. The empirical grounds collated from this is utilise to look into the growth or improvement of the scholar in relation to countries of the subject field Curriculum. The cardinal number mantled of this type of appraisal is to supply informations for national and local benchmarking intents. Using this information is indispensable as it enables schools to infer whether kids are quarter intoing the age-related outlooks. If they squander deviated, tag are reviewed and the necessar y commissariats or intercessions are implemented. This is to stock-purchase warrant kids remain on path to arc into the national outlooks of doing at least two National Curriculum grades feeler over each cardinal phase. In my base-school at robin punk rocker master(a), information analysis is of import to inform their track systems so that they flock throng action and verse kids s growth and advance.The anterior accomplishment informations is in any case utilize at the start of term to post tag and inform average term grooming. This is a cardinal focal point for learn and accomplishment.The Contextual Value-Added ( CVA ) abstractive mark is a national step which quantifies schools public presentation compared to others with similar features. This theoretical account considers a sphere of factors such as anterior attainment, finicky studyal Needs ( SEN ) and Free School Meals that can impact kids s public presentation therefore provides a flat playing fie ld. The school s CVA tonss are presented on RAISEonline, which is of import in puting the imitate for schools and bespeaking its accomplishment and attainment ( Weston, 2007 ) . This information enables Local Educational Authorities and schools to show tendencies, underachieving groups, tag realistic marks, and reexamine overall effectivity and criterions. This is peculiarly of import sing the breaking the nexus between disadvantage and low gear attainment certification. This is an enterprise to excuse under-performance issues in disadvantaged communities. But it should be far-famed that the recent White Paper vastness of instruction has indicated a straighten out into assessment coverage. In peculiar, the CVA theoretical account will fracture andthe here later on reformed melt of study will move as a benchmark for all schools, with a focal point on pupils premium to endure accomplishment.There has been negativity towards external summational appraisals in footings of their depend king and whether it benefits the kid s skill and advancement. SATS are classed as mellowed bets , which can ensue in teaching to the trials and rote instead than chummy larning being assessed ( James and Gipps 1998 ) . Hall ( 2010 ) noted that instructors can in any case be inclined to follow transmission manners of instruction, which reduces creativeness in the course of study and could finally impact kids s encyclopaedism. SATS are undertaken at robin redbreast yob Primary along with instructor appraisals. They continue to advance a originative course of study as they recognise the sizeableness of devising rich acquisition experiences and orienting kids s demands. This is so they can relish larning and develop new accomplishments whilst still fixing kids for SATS in an effectual mode. In footings of my pattern, I will ask to use similar teaching methods to run into the larning demands of kids ( Q28 ) .The instructor appraisals officially consider kids s public presentation in each country of acquisition and provides them a National Curriculum degree that best-fits the kid. These fetch proved to be to a greater extent popular than SATS in footings of their dependability. To nigh extent this can be used formatively to inform the teaching method of the schoolroom ( Hall, 2003 ) . The advantage is that the whole- course of study can be assessed in footings of the attainment marks instead than the specific focal point on nucleus topics. more than significantly, eruditeness is non specifically geared toward trials but can be adapted by prosecuting larning ends that meet kids s demands ( Alexander, 2010 ) . robin redbreast Hood Primary uses a assortment of grounds from different contexts to measure students as they recognise that kids learn in different ways. This is of import if we consider Gardner s theory of multiple intelligences, where different instruction contexts leverage their strengths. The school ethos is a collaborativ e planning eruption. This enables twelvemonth group instructors to discourse their appraisal attacks, what they are measuring in relation to their programmes of campaign and whether there is a honey oil apprehension of the degree descriptions for moderateness intents. Hall and Harding ( 2002 ) noted that teacher appraisals can be enhanced if a collaborative attack is envisioned. This is where an assessment fellowship is created bear upon staff, students and even parents.In footings of my ain pattern, it will be indispensable that I discuss instructors appraisals with experient co- realizeers to endorsement that kids s advancement and attainments are moderated ( Q11 ) . This information would anyway be of import to inform planning and personalise acquisition to assist leaven degree of accomplishments and contract any attainment spreads ( Q13, Q19 ) . This besides highlights how of import appraisal informations is to supervise kids s advancement and raise attainment degree s.Now that we strike discussed summational appraisal schemes, it is of import to research the normally preferable attack formative appraisal.Appraisal for Learning ( AFL ) and Assessment as Learning ( AAL ) are formative attacks and is a cardinal portion of the instruction, larning and be aftering procedure. It is a uninterrupted procedure of placing and reacting to kids s acquisition in collection for them to do effectual advancement. Therefore it enables instructors to reevaluate their teaching method and planning in visible radiation of whether the mean acquisition results have been achieved. In comparing to summational attacks, AFL recognises the sizeableness of the scholar being included in the appraisal procedure. Hall ( 2003 ) reinforced this impression Just as acquisition is a social procedure, so excessively assessment is a societal procedure. The manner the learner interprets the acquisition context is vitally of import to their victory in that context . ( Hall, 20 03, p. 12 )Black and William s ( 1998 ) research have proven that AFL does raise criterions of attainment. In peculiar, easing the lower abilities more than others, which minimises the spread of attainment. This links with the Assessment Reform Group s ( 2002 ) research of AFL patterns. They highlighted 10 rules to maneuver instructors in implementing this in their schoolroom to advance effectual instruction and acquisition. The cardinal intent of AFL is to raise accomplishment. It involves kids to develop their ain acquisition, which grounds them active agents in the appraisal procedure. Planning is little to its success to guarantee that relevant information is collated to heighten kids s advancement. Alexander ( 2010 ) emphasised that AFL lucifers modern positions of how kids learn as they actively construct their acquisition and take ownership.Key characteristics associated with AFL ( but non inclusive ) include sharing the acquisition aims and success standards, supplying fee dback, effectual inquiring, arrogateing kids in equal and self-assessment, and Assessing Pupils Progress ( APP ) . Robin Hood Primary exceedingly respects AFL as a mechanism to supervise kids s advancement and attainment so that any barriers can be lifted to guarantee that they all reach their possible. This is reinforced by their purposeRaise criterions of attainment and accomplishment by h grey-haireding high outlooks of the instruction and larning . ( Robin Hood Primary School s Policy, 2010 )AFL is embedded within their school purification to gain this purpose. The celebrated formative illustrations are well-nigh which are used within the school and shall now be discussed.Sharing larning aims is a whole-school attack and is do visually and verbally hard-core to the kids in all topics. The kids besides write the acquisition aims in their work to reenforce outlooks. This pattern enables kids to be clear on the purpose of the lesson and more significantly what they want to withdraw to be successful, which is the success standard. This so promotes self-assessment, which links to an of import impression made by Black and William ( 1998b ) When scholars do come to a sense of how their work is judged they are far more effectual and committed as scholars. They can self-evaluate . ( Cited in Hall and Burke, 2003, p. 55 )Sharing the success standard is all bit of import as the acquisition aims. Children recognize what the instructor s outlooks are in footings of judging attainment and they can supervise their advancement towards these ends. At Robin Hood Primary, they normally make this visually explicit such as on the Interactive Whiteboard and is besides reinforced verbally throughout the lesson to do outlooks clear. In add-on, I have observed the instructor to underscore the intent of what they are qualification, which is of import if we consider the cognitive behavior attack to larning. This theory states that scholars actively construct their acquis ition. By supplying a intent they are motivated to larn, which interlinks with the what s in it for me construct ( Hughes 2010 ) .In footings of pattern, it will be of import for me to go on to portion the acquisition aims and success standards with the category, by guaranting that it is besides expressed suitably to those with SEN and EAL unavoidablenesss. This would enable all kids to be engaged with the undertaking and basically their ain appraisal. It would besides entrust me to concentrate on the acquisition results and therefore quality instead than still acquiring the activities complete ( Q10, Q12, Q26b ) .Self-assessment is an built-in portion of the acquisition aims and success standards. This can moreover be successful if kids assess and resound on their ain ability and understand what they need to make to better instead than merely being told what to make. From my experience, oppugning throughout and during plenaries are utile manners to measure whether acquisition has taken topographic point. It besides enables kids s to reflect whether they have carry out the success standards and larning aims.Robin Hood Primary considers effectual oppugning in self-assessment to be of import to get an penetration into kids s acquisition. Open-ended inquiries are cardinal to guarantee that it is inclusive of all scholars. Hall ( 2010 ) emphasised that kids need work to believe to develop higher order believing accomplishments. From my experience, I have noticed the instructor to utilize positive linguistic communication in the schoolroom if kids experience troubles or misconceptions, particularly in numeracy. The civilization is to incubate errors as chances. I think this is an of import scheme to use so that kids are non de-motivated and increases their self-esteem but basically influences their acquisition positively.The school besides uses peer-assessment, which is more than marker trials and can reenforce self-assessment. For illustration, during certain speech payoff and listening group exercisings, the kids had to explicate inquiries sing a book, which was so discussed and evaluated as a category. This can be effectual as kids can get confidence in making their ain inquiries and sing a scope of differing responses. It besides enables them to develop an penetration into their ain public presentation and what they need to make to better by measuring the work of others. Clarke ( 2001 ) besides reinforced the importance of these appraisals as it raises their self-esteem as they are in declare of their acquisition. It should be noted that there can be disadvantages with this type of appraisal in footings of sensitiveness or kids s fight, but if used in the right context if can be powerful.In footings of my pattern, I will necessitate to guarantee that I present self and peer appraisal chances, in concurrence with effectual inquiring and feedback. This is so kids can reflect on their ain acquisition and be motivated to come on . This will besides supply me an penetration into their acquisition, which so informs short-tem planning in footings of the learning successiveness of lessons ( Q29 ) . In relation to this, understanding the kids will be indispensable to provide for their demands efficaciously. This reinforces how these elements are closely interlinked with appraisal ( Q25a, Q25c, Q26a, Q27, Q28 ) .From the above treatment, we can fill how formative appraisal schemes are more child-centred compared to summational attacks. This enables them to see how dependable they are making and more significantly for instructors to put marks. As mentioned earlier, Robin Hood Primary has pupil trailing systems, which enables them to measure whether kids are run intoing the age- related outlooks. These tracking systems consist of the National Curriculum degrees the kids obtained in the old old ages based on the SATS, instructor appraisals, APP informations and their anticipations for the terminal of the twelvemo nth. The instructors besides have review meetings with the Head Teacher to look into that the students are on path. It enables instructors to put marks and commissariats to ease kids to do the 2 sub-level betterments within the twelvemonth. It besides deduces whether any intercessions are required to chuck out attainment spreads. This reinforces the importance of appraisal as pupil- degree informations is of import to inform acquisition, learning and be aftering so that attainment degrees can be raised. The breaking the nexus between disadvantage and low attainment certification high spots that using informations can extenuate these links and encourages personalised learning commissariats. In footings of my pattern, it will be critical that this information is used for these intents so that kids can accomplish their possible ( Q10, Q13, Q19, Q25b, vitamin D, Q26b, Q29 ) .Robin Hood Primary besides have qualitative marks in literacy and numeracy, which are explicitly shared with th e kids so they know how good they are making and what they need to make to better. This is of import so they can take ownership for their propensity. They have a mark sheet ( see extension 1a and B ) in their numeracy and literacy books, which translate into I can statements and are more child-friendly. This is a mechanism to portion marks with the kids so they know what they need to make to come on to their expected National Curriculum degrees by the terminal of the twelvemonth. The marks for EAL kids normally differ in literacy ( and other topics ) to guarantee they come on within their capablenesss. Children in Key Stage 1 and 2 besides complete an assessed piece of composition known as the Big Write this is portion of the current school s betterment program which places an accent on composing. This is normally undertaken at the terminal of full point results to supervise kids in these specific countries of larning. Equally good as composing marks in their book, they are v isually placed on their tabular arraies as a reminder. There are besides ocular shows such as VCOP pyramids to foreground what they need to make to obtain a peculiar degree, which reinforces the criterions to take for. In footings of reading, the kids are informed of their degree at the parentage of the twelvemonth and where they are expected to be at the terminal of the twelvemonth. This is bring in by the instructor and instructor helper who monitor advancement.In footings of tracking other topics, the instructors provide feedback through constructive marker and general observations in the schoolroom. This is besides built-in to the self-assessment procedure so kids know how to bridge the spreads in their acquisition. Feedback is of import so instructors can assist scaffold their acquisition to shut the spread between what they know and need to cognize ( Clarke, 2003 ) . The instructor besides embraces feedback from the learning helpers as a manner of monitoring advancement. T his besides demonstrates the importance of working closely with the support staff ( Q30 ) . I will necessitate to guarantee that I give constructive feedback to ease acquisition, particularly by associating their acquisition to prior experiences to do this meaningful. Feedback will besides enable me to set and inform hereafter planning and instruction which reinforces the appraisal, planning, learning rhythm and the importance of planning and monitoring kids s advancement. ( Q12, Q27 )The appraisal schemes across the age ranges are similar for Key Stage 1 and 2. However, in Key Stage 1 they have a phonics tracker to supervise advancement and inform ability groups. They besides use the bubble and block attack, which specifies the positive component of their work and marks for betterment. There is besides the FSP which is a summational attack used in the Foundation Stage. This assesses kids s patterned advance and the degree of attainment achieved in each of the six countries of lar ning. There are13 appraisal graduated tables masking piece these countries, which promotes instructors to used focused observations as a agency of the documented accomplishments ( DCFS, 2008 ) . This leads to a summational record at the terminal of the Foundation Stage. The FSP is used by the Key Stage 1 instructors to enable them to inform their hereafter planning. This reinforces the importance of appraisal informations in easing acquisition and raising attainment degrees.In footings of supervising the advancement and attainment of SEN kids ( or those working below the National Curriculum degrees ) , Robin Hood Primary uses p- degree informations and PIVATS in appraisal. These kids and those with learning troubles are still expected to do a similar rate of advancement compared to national outlooks of other kids. The school recognises that high outlooks, quality for the first time learning ( as in all categories ) is important to raise their attainment degrees. The p-level infor mation is used to set up good advancement for these scholars below the age-related outlooks. The information from these appraisal tools are used to inform Individual Education Plan marks ( for some kids ) and foregrounding their strengths excessively. Working with the SENCO will be of import to personalize and supervise the acquisition of these kids in footings of my pattern ( Q19 ) .APP is a mechanism they use to track single advancement, which is portion of AFL. By making so, they can place where kids are in their acquisition and set marks for patterned advance. It besides informs instructors capable cognition to infer what gaps they need to make full to enable kids to accomplish the expected degree. The school uses a instance sample in APP as it would be inefficient to supervise the advancement of each kid. For illustration, in my base-class they track a sum of six kids from the higher, bosom and lower ability group for literacy ( excepting composing ) and numeracy. The schoo l uses the APP appraisal guidelines from the Primary Nation Strategy certification to supervise kids s advancement, although in some cases they use their ain stuffs. To measure reading, the kids are grouped harmonizing to ability for direct reading Sessionss. This enables the instructor to choose appropriate reading stuff and measure their word acknowledgment and comprehension accomplishments. Targets are shared with the kids so they know what they have to make to come on to the following reading degree. More significantly, it facilitates instructors to reexamine planning, larning aims and place which group would profit from accelerated acquisition to acquire them on the right flight. APP will be indispensable to utilize in my pattern to inform planning to bridge any learning spreads and to personalize larning excessively ( Q19, Q22 ) . Thus It reinforces how AFL is of import is to pull off and be after the instruction and acquisition to acquire kids to where they need to be.Overal l, we can see how appraisal is of import and an built-in portion of the planning and learning rhythm to raise attainment degrees. Assessment is of import to infer whether kids are run intoing the intended acquisition results or experience troubles which later inform be aftering. Planing and the sequence of lessons may so necessitate accommodations such by revisiting the larning aims or travelling in front based on the kids s advancement. In bend, this informs the instructor s teaching method as techniques may necessitate to be adapted or larning personalised to get the better of barriers. This may affect alterations in the distinction schemes to orient kids s demands in the given context. instruction besides enables appraisals to be made of the category, which informs planning hence this demonstrates how these elements are built-in. In footings of my pattern, I will necessitate to utilize appraisal to inform my planning and present high quality instruction. But most significantl y, I will necessitate to cognize my category good and have high outlooks to raise attainment degrees so that they can all make their possible.Word Count 3,312

Difference Between Your Mother and Your Grandmother

Difference between Your Mother and Grandmother Grandma, a word which fills you with emotion as soon as you hear it. She is a almostone who would go over the top to fight for you. Be it her avouch son, or still her soulmate, she would fight with anybody to defend you. Even if youre wrong, even if you hurt her, she would be good to you no matter what. Your mom, for once, might rush you, scold you, but your grandma would never do that. Mothers have the theater to look after, but you believe me, you mean the world to your grandma.She, being sr. to your mom, has several stories to voice with you, her own life experiences as well, though slightly turn out to be boring, I bet youd get it on most of them. Shed even make false promises, like if youd make a mistake, shed stand by your side, saying, Oh, hes just a kid. Forgive him this date, hell never do it again, to the person whos scolding you. Shed blame herself for your mistakes, saving you from the trouble, and being in soup he rself. But despite whole this, grandmothers are believed to spoil children.Parents very much shout at them for giving so much of unconditional pick out and all they do is listen, without a word. Now, Id like to share my personal experience. My grandma was a talented and well-educated lady. Wed very much sit and gossip about stuff, and play cards with each other. I withal do ited her company. She, till class VII, was my teacher as well. All I am today is because of her. Everybody asked me to take tuitions at home, but I refuse any time because she was more of a friend to me, than a teacher.Being the oldest woman in the family, she was in charge of all the money matters of the house. She used to keep some change in her purse, which ever so ended up in my pocket. though dad often asked her not to give me so much of money, she used to agree, but I somehow managed to butter her up and get the notes and she also could not say no to me, and was ready to give me whatever I wanted, a s and when demanded. I cannot recollect a single occasion when she did not pay me. But due to her old age, her health was deteriorating for some time now.She was undergoing depression for the past seven-eight months and finally, she left for heaven earlier this year. In the end, Id like to tell my fellow classmates who still have their grandparents with them that guys, youre lucky to have such great people in your life. take note them, and spend time with them. I craving I had practiced what Im preaching because when on the bed, she used to call me, but all I did was giving a silly reason continuing to enjoy my own life and I still regret it. I wish I could thank her for all she did for me, but life is not always the way you want it to be.

Youth Gangs in the American Society

Randall Shelden is a well- get alongn sociologist who has a Ph. D. from the S verbotenhern Illinois University. The contrary branches of his studies include guessing the untested generation as to how their lives and their countings firearmicularly relate to the panaches by which they react to the ever-changing smart set that include gang formations and juvenile delinquency issues. There argon different books of which he has already published that also include the give tongue to issues and of such well-written publications is the one that tackles the Youth Gangs in the American beau monde. close to the Book The Youth Gangs in the American Society is a indicant that bequests both the reasons behind and the qualifying results of gang issues in the United States. by means of the gathered psychological as well as psychosocial explanations that reason out with the existing situations in the auberge today, Shelden presented the necessary points of consideration geted to be un derstood in presenting the discussion of juvenility gangs and how should be well tempered with. Content and Summary The youth be the hope of todays society.This line has long been coped by many industrialized as well as developing countries worldwide. This is the primary reason why it is spargon that g everyplacenment organizations argon trying to invest their best possible gett open assets to the development of the unripe generation. However, not all of the members of the young generation in truth get to turn in an access on the said programs. Most of them, who perish to the minority groups of the society, ar the ones who are in need of these programs. Yet, they are the ones who have lesser access on the said governmental set-ups.As a result, young people who get charged with juvenile delinquency cases are increasing every year. The fact that they have nothing better to do than to simply stay at home or wander somewhat in the states, they be get the target of numerous gangs that are encouraging youths to articulation them in their unlawful acts. If not, many of these youths bring forth several pell-mell movements that particularly disturb the entire community. These youths certainly need help. Further much, as the children explicate up, the young adults become to a greater extent prone to different influences from the environment.The people that they deal with everyday become the source of the different values that they take in for themselves as they personally turn up. There are at least(prenominal) four major reasons why young people develop in the behavior that they grow up with. These four major dimensions of development could be remark as follows The family and the parents usually, the young children get the examples of acts from their parents which in turn they scarper in themselves as they grow up. It is through this particular process that the young ones are able to comprehend with the electric shock that their parents are devis ing on them as young adults. The Environment and the Society As the young children grow older, the impact of the people living round them aside from their family members begins to leave an impact on their personality. True, the situation has been much more proved by the psychologists that the issue of the family and the society differ from each other. As for a fact, the percentage of offspring that the society makes on the individual is far much higher than that of the sum of the family with development of the youngsters. The psychological need for acceptance young ones aim to be accepted especially if they have the capacity of being recognized.This is the reason why they usually take sides on those who they seem are able to recognize their capabilities. The decision making system of the youngsters They are usually deciding in different ways, just about of the time, confusion gets in the way. This is the reason why it is very all heavy(p) that they are given fine attention as they are being assisted with the personal development difficulties that they are dealing with at present. To understand the four dimensions better, the diagram shall show the necessary illustration to apologise better DIAGRAM 1 Dimensions of Effects on thePersonal phylogeny of Youngsters These four dimensions of impact on youths developmental progress actually shapes the way that they ought to understand the way that they are to progress as individuals. This is the reason why the difficulties of the young should be given fine attention to. It is certainly important that the young ones are given the guidance that they need to be come well endowed to a better life that is much more different from the destructive ways that they are merely brought up by the massively destructive human society at present.This is where the issue on peer insistence enters. As noted earlier, the situation becomes hard-to-deal-with especially when it comes to the operation of the society particularly referring to their peers on the development that happens within the personality of the youngsters. Peer pressure can be deceptivein fact, we may not lineup it at all. Clearly, people want to fit in with those around themso much so that most will even deny what they know to be true. Many young people have observed this pressure in action.Understanding the fact that people have this certain need of being accepted, it could not be denied that as they particularly referring to the young generation, are most apparent the target of peer pressure. This is mainly because of the fact that they deal with different people almost everyday. Hence, as noted earlier, the people are more susceptible to change of personality as they are gradually relate with the ways by which other people are living their lives with.Communities around the world, especially in the multicultural environment that the United States is dealing with full now, are in dire need of support as to how they are supposed to take care of the young generation that is mainly making up the entire population of the American society. It has been noted through reports that at least 48% of the immigrants from different countries around the world entering the exposit of the American society belong to the young population.They are most likely to have been noted to move with or without their families in the country. Some of them are even less knowledgeable of the American society and thus are having a hard time in actually adjusting to the American lifestyle. As a result, most of them end up in becoming part of gangs that are known for their delinquent acts. Sadly, this report is known all over the American territories. Most of the time, the communities that are primarily affected are those which are playing as hosts to the immigrants, most likely, the poor areas of the country.Reactions and Critique As noted from the details presented above, it could be observed that the reservoir intently researched on the backbone issues that support the claims about the things that pertain to the growth of the number of youth gangs in America. Considerably, as an expert of the said study in sociology, Shelden was able to present the different elements that needs to be understood with regards the importance of knowing what gangs are and why are they particularly formed by their leaders.Most likely, the tone-beginning on research and explanation that the author used is indeed considered an important matter that affects the ways by which social workers are able to understand the reasons behind the situation and thus act upon it. Understandably, the simplified yet legal way of making the discussion much more understandable and dainty for the particular target audience of the author was rather an effective flair of contemplating the different factors that contribute to the manner by which gangs are flooding the society today.It is through this particular reading that the readers would have a better assimilate of why the youth are joining gangs thus be able to act upon the said matter and affect the situation in the society as well as lighten up the burden that the youth are carrying making them much more capable of facing a better future later on in their lives. As noted, the author simply makes it easier for people to help well together for the betterment of the young generation towards the years to come. Reference Randall Shelden. (2003). Youth Gangs in the American Society (Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Series). Wadsworth Publishing.